General Biology: Plant Tissues Flashcards
A group of cells of the same type or of the mixed type, having a common origin and performing an identical function.
Plant Tissues
What are two group classifications of plant tissues?
Meristematic and Permanent Tissue
Classification. Have cells which are CONTINUOUSLY DIVIDING.
Meristematic Tissue
Meristematic Tissue.
(a) Found in the ________ region of the plant ( _______ of roots and shoots)
(b) Cells are __________ and are capable of undergoing repeated division throughout their life.
a. growing; apices
b. immature
3 types of Meristematic Tissues based on:
Origin, the Location, Function
3 meristematic tissues based on origin:
Promeristem, Primary Meristem Secondary Meristem
Meristematic Origin Based.
YOUNGEST stage of the growing organ.
/Gives rise to primary meristem
Promeristem
Meristematic Origin Based.
EBRYONIC Tissues; Gives rise epidermis, the cortex, the leaves, and the pith.
Primary Meristem
Meristematic Origin Based.
Develops LATER from NON-MERISTEMATIC tissues at a certain stage of development of organ/plant.
Secondary Meristem
3 meristematic tissues based on location:
Apical, Intercalary, Lateral
Meristematic Location Based.
Actively dividing cells located at the TIPS of the roots and shoots.
/Aids INCREASE OF HEIGHT of plant by facilitating growth of SHOOT & ROOT
Apical Meristem
Meristematic Location Based.
Actively dividing cells located at the INTERNODES (or base of leaves)
/Aids INCREASE IN HEIGHT, with growth of INTERNODES
Intercalary Meristem
Meristematic Location Based.
Actively dividing cells located at the LATERAL side of STEM AND ROOT
/Increase thickness of plant by INCREASING DIAMETER of it.
Lateral Meristem
3 meristematic tissues based on function:
Protoderm, Procambium, Ground Meristem
Meristematic Function Based.
OUTERMOST plant tissue and forms the epidermis.
/ Located around the outside of the stem and PROTECTS the plants from any mechanical shocks.
Protoderm
Meristematic Function Based.
INNERMOST tissue and gives rise to (a) _________ and _________.
Procambium
a. XYLEM and PHLOEM
Meristematic Function Based.
Cells are large with THICK WALLS
/ Gives rise to ground tissue.
Ground Meristem
It is composed of cells that have LOST the power of DIVISION, having attained their definite form and sizes.
Permanent Tissue
3 types of tissue under Permanent Tissue:
Dermal, Vascular, Ground
PermanentTissue. COVERS and PROTECTS the plant
* epidermis, periderm
Dermal Tissue
PermanentTissue. TRANSPORTS water, minerals, and sugars
* xylem and phloem
Vascular Tissue
PermanentTissue. SITE for photosynthesis, supports vascular tissue, and stores nutriendts.
* parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma
Ground Tissue
PermanentTissue. (a) ________ covers the plant and found on the OUTER layer of roots, stems, and leaves.
* TRANSPIRATION, GAS EXCHANGE, & DEFENSE
* Epidermis break apart into thick periderm as a secondary growth allows the plant to grow in girth
* (b) ________ functions as first line of defense for the plant, protecting it from fire, dehydration, freezing, or diseases.
Dermal Tissue
a. Epidermis
b. Periderm
3 types of ground tissue:
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
GroundTissue. Perform photosynthesis, STORAGE, and SECRETION.
* Thin walls, made of cellulose
* Closely packed or have intercellular space
(a) What are the 2 types of this?
Parenchyma
a. Chlorenchyma & Aerenchyma
Parenchyma.
(a) Parenchymatous tissue that contains CHLOROPLASTS and CHLOROPHYLL
(b) Parenchyma tissue with LARGE AIR SPACES between cells.
a. Chlorenchyma
b. Aerenchyma
GroundTissue. SUPPORTS young parts of plant shoot.
* Elongated cells that have thicker primary walls
* FLEXIBLE SUPPORT without restraining growth
Collenchyma
GroundTissue. MORE RIGID than collenchyma.
* Contains large amounts of lignin, a relatively indigestible strengthening polymer that accounts for more than a quarter of dry mass of wood.
* Two types: Fiber and Sclereids
Sclerenchyma
PermanentTissue. Two types of vascular tissue:
Xylem and Phloem
VascularTissue. Performs CONDUCTION of water and mineral salts from ROOTS TO TOP of plants.
2 types: Tracheid & Vessels
Xylem
Xylem. LONG and TAPERED ends. Function is to CONDUCT water; and provide mechanical support.
Tracheids
Xylem. WIDER and SHORTER, thinner walled, less taperedwalls lignified, etc.
Have perforation plates that enable WATER FLOW freely through vessels.
Vessels
VascularTissue. TRANSPORT of FOOD PRODUCTS from green parts to storage organs and to other organs.
aka BAST or LEPTON
2 elements: Sieve tube elements & Companion Cells
Phloem
Phloem. LACK nucleus, ribosomes, a distinct vacuole, and cytoskeletal elements.
- HAS sieve plates
- Longitudinal transmission of food
Sieve Tube Elements
Phloem. CONNECTED to sieve-tube element by plasmodesmata
* Load sugars into sieve-tube elements, which then transport it to other parts of the plant.
Companion Cells
