Gen. Bio. PPTs: Cell Parts and Functions Flashcards by zel .

MajorClassification. Include protists, fungi, plants, and animals

Eukaryotes

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What are the 3 basic cell structures of eukaryotic cell?

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

CNC

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Organelles. SECURITY GATE
* [Selectively permeable boundary] of the Cell
* Bilayer of phospholipids with proteins and short carbohydrate chains
* Regulates what [enters or exits] the cell

Cell Membrane

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Organelles. All parts of the cell inside the membrane but outside the nucleus.

Gel/Jelly-like substance in constant motion.
Nutrients & Minerals spread through it to all parts of the cell.

Cytoplasm

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Cytoplasm. A thick, aqueous solution of salts surrounding the organelles inside the cell membrane.

Cytosol

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Cytoplasm. The constant motion of this gel-like substance is called ___________.

cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis

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Organelles. Headquarter / Cell Center

Control/Transcription center of cell activities
Made of DNA organized in chromosomes
> Also made up of nucleoplasm, nucleolus, nuclear membrane containing nuclear pores

Nucleus

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_____ is the HEREDITARY MATERIAL of the cell

DNA

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PartsNucleus. Cell may have 1 to 4 nucleoli
* DISAPPEARS when cell divides

Nucleolus

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NUCLEOLUS makes __________ that makes ___________.

Ribosomes; Proteins

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PartsNucleus. DOUBLE MEMBRANE surrounding nucleus.

Nuclear Membrane

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NuclearMembrane. Contains __________ to regulate movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus.

nuclear pores

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NUCLEAR MEMBRANE is connected to the ___________.

rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

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Nucleus is found majority on _________ cells and considered as the LARGEST organelle.

a. Accounts for around _____ of the cell’s volume. Contains the _____.

Eukaryotic Cells

a. 10%; genome

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Nucleus. The process of selectively permeable nuclear envelope SEPARATES the CONTENTS of the nucleus from that of the cytoplasm.

Cell COMPARTMENTalization

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Nucleus. Involves FIRST TRANSCRIPTION (DNA transcribed to mRNA).

Gene Expression

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Before the pre-mRNA exits the nucleus, it undergoes a process known as ______________ where molecules are added/removed from structure.

post-transcriptional modification

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Organelles. Network of HOLLOW MEMBRANE TUBULES

Connects to [nuclear envelopes & cell membrane]
Functions in SYNTHESIS & TRANSPORTS of cell products.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

ER. HAS RIBOSOMES on its surface.
* Makes membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT OUT of the cell.
* Proteins are made by ribosomes on ER surface

THEN threaded into the INTERIOR of the rough er to be [modified and transported]

Rough ER

Organelles. Made of PROTEINS and rRNA

“PROTEIN FACTORY” of the cell.
Join amino acids together by process of [protein synthesis].

Ribosomes

ER. LACKS ribosomes on its surface.

Attatched to the ENDS of ROUGH ER
Makes cell products that are used inside the cell.

Smooth ER

Functions of _________.
a. Makes membrane lipids (steroids)
b. Metabolizes carbohydrates
c. Stores and regulates calcium ions (muscle cells)
d. Detoxifies drugs and poisons (Liver)

Smooth ER

Organelles. Stacks of FLATTENED SACS
* Have Receiving side & Shipping Side
* RECEIVE PROTEINS made by ER
* Modify, sort & package ER products for storage OR transport out of cell
* Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends

Golgi Apparatus

Golgi. What do you call the:
a. receiving side
b. shipping side
of the organelle?

a. cis face
b. trans face

Organelles. SUICIDE BAGS * Contains digestive enzymes. * BREAK DOWN food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts * Programmed for CELL DEATH (AUTOLYSIS) * Lyse (break open) & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts.

Lysosomes

Organelles. Fluid filled sacs for STORAGE. a. ___________ (amount) in animal cells b. plant cells have ________ (amount) c. None of this in ________ cells.

Vacuole a. small, fewer, or absent b. numerous or one large CENTRAL VACUOLE c. bacterial cells

Organelles. POWERHOUSE of the cell * Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning of glucose) * Generates biologically available energy (ATP) * MORE active cell (eg. muscle cells) have MORE of this.

Mitochondrion/Mitochondria

Mitochondria. a. Surrounded by a _______ membrane. b. Has its own ______ and _______. c. Has folded inner membrane called ______. d. Interior called ______.

a. DOUBLE b. DNA; ribosomes c. CRISTAE d. MATRIX

Organelles. Found only in photosynthetic organisms (PLANT CELLS). * Use energy from sunlight to make food (glucose) * Contains OWN DNA and RIBOSOMES * Enzymes & Pigments for Photosynthesis

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts. Surrounded by DOUBLE membrane. a. (Outer/Inner) membrane is SMOOTH b. (Outer/Inner) membrane modified into sacs called (c.) _____________.

a. Outer b. Inner c. thylakoids

Chloroplasts. a. Thylakoids in STACKS called _________ & interconnected. b. Gel-like material surrounding thylakoids.

a. Grana b. Stroma

Organelles. Found in plants, fungi, and bacteria. a. Made of _________ in plants b. Made of _________ in bacteria c. Made of _______ in Fungi

a. cellulose b. peptidoglycan c. chitin

Organelles. Cell membrane LIES ______ (inside/outside) the cell wall in plant cells.

INSIDE it pushes out against the cell wall to maintain shape

What are the 3 nonmembrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles?

Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Centrosome RCC

NonMB Cytoplasmic Organelles. Can be attached to ROUGH ER - used either inside or outside the cell. * MAY BE UNATTACHED in the cytoplasm - proteins are produced which are used within cell itself * Varies depending on cell type

RIBOSOMES

NonMB Cytoplasmic Organelles. Helps cell MAINTAIN SHAPE * Helps move organelles around * Made of proteins * Microfilaments and Microtubules

Cytoskeleton

Cytoskeleton. a. threadlike & made of ACTIN b. tubelike & made of TUBULIN

a. Microfilaments b. Microtubules

NonMB Cytoplasmic Organelles. Helps cell DIVIDE and MAKE COPIES of themselves. * Each cell has a pair of centrioles in the centrosome. * All centrioles have MICROTUBULES.

Centrosomes and Centrioles

Organelles. The _________ is considered a “microtubule-organizing center”. It contains a pair of _____________.

a. centrosome b. centrioles

Vesicles. MBound containing OXIDATIVE enzyme that produce hydrogen PEROXIDE and convert it to water. For lipid metabolism, and conversion of fatty acid to sugar

Peroxisomes

Vesicles. Single Mbound that synthesizes and stores lipids, also produces cutin and wax.

Spherosome Synthesizes nd Stores = Spherosomes

Vesicles. SPECIALIZED PEROXISOMES Present in postgerminative seedlings of oil seeds and senescent organs of plants that engage in activities that produce and destroy the toxic substance hydrogen peroxide They produce many different types of enzymes and digest things from food particles to a cell's own worn out parts.

Glyoxysome

Vesicles. Specific structure forms in plant cells DURING CYTOKINESIS. * Structure that builds cell wall (cell plate) between daughter cells.

Phragmoplast

Vesicles. Narrow channels that act as intercellular cytoPLASMIC bridges to facilitate intercellular communication and transport of materials between plant cells.

Plasmodesmata