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12 Q1 > Gen. Bio. PPTs: Meiosis > Flashcards

Gen. Bio. PPTs: Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

A division of the nucleus that REDUCES chromosome number BY HALF.

A

Meiosis

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2
Q

Meiosis is important in ______________.

A

sexual reproduction

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3
Q

This involves combining the genetic information of one parent with that of the other parent to produce a (a)____________.

A

Meiosis
a. genetically distinct individual

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4
Q

(a) Contain only one set of chromosomes (n). Formed by process of MEIOSIS
(b) Contain two sets of chromosome (2n). Undergo MITOSIS

A

a. Haploid
b. Diploid

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5
Q

Haploid. [a] _______ set of chromosome (n) - gametes or [b] _________, in humans: [c] _______ chromosomes.

A

a. one
b. sex cells
c. 23

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6
Q

Diploid. [a] ________ sets of chromosomes (2n), in humans: [b] _____ pairs or [c] ________ total.

A

a. two
b. 23
c. 46

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7
Q

Chromosome Pairing.
* Each chromosome in pair are IDENTICAL to the other (carry genes for same trait).
* Only ONE PAIR DIFFERS - sex chromosomes X or Y

A

Homologous Pair

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8
Q

Homologous Pair. Pairing of homologous chromosomes forming a TETRAD.

A

Synapsis

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9
Q

Homologous Pair. Chromatids of tetrad exchange parts.

A

Crossing Over

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10
Q

What are the 2 main phases of Meiosis?

A

Meiosis I & Meiosis II

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11
Q

What are the 5 subparts of Meiosis I?

A

Prophase I
Prometaphase
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I & Cytokinesis I

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12
Q

Meiosis I.
Chromosomes CONDENSES

A

Prophase I

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13
Q

Meiosis I.
Homologous chromosomes pair with each other.

A

Prophase I

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14
Q

Prophase I. Each pair contains ______ sister chromatids

A

four

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15
Q

Meiosis I. Spindle fibers starting to attach to the chromosomes through its centromeres.

  • The chromosome continues to condense.
A

Prometaphase

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16
Q

Meiosis I. (a) _________ or homologous chromosomes move to center of cell.

  • Independent assortment occurs
A

Metaphase I
a. Tetrads

17
Q

Meiosis I. Homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite poles.

A

Anaphase I

18
Q

Meiosis I.
* Daughter nuclei formed
* These are haploid (1n)

A

Telophase I & Cytokinesis I

19
Q

Daughter cells undergo a SECOND DIVSION; much like mitosis.
* No additional replication occurs.

A

Meiosis II

20
Q

What are the 4 subparts of Meiosis II?

A

Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II & Cytokinesis

21
Q

Meiosis II.
Spindle fibers form again.

A

Prophase II

22
Q

Meiosis II.
Sister chromatids move to the center.

A

Metaphase II

23
Q

Meiosis II.
Centromeres split. Sister chromatids are pulled to poles.

A

Anaphase II

24
Q

Meiosis II. Four non-identical haploid daughter cells results from one original diploid cell.

A

Telophase II & Cytokinesis

25
Q

Mitosis & Meiosis Similarities.
(a) Both are forms of ____________
(b) Both involve ________
(c) Both involve disappearance of the [3] ______________________.
(d) Both involves formation of ____________

A

a. nuclear division
b. replication
c. nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane
d. spindle fibers

26
Q

Mitosis & Meiosis Differences.
Meiosis produces daughter cells that have _________ the number of chromosomes as the parent.

Go from 2n to 1n

A

1/2

26
Q

Mitosis & Meiosis Differences.
Daughter cells produced by meiosis are ____________ to one another.

A

genetically identical

27
Q

Mitosis & Meiosis Differences.
In meiosis, cell division takes place (a) ___________ but (b) ___________ occurs only once.

A

a. twice
b. replication

28
Q

What are the 3 causes of variation (mentioned sa ppt)?

A

Crossing Over: Prophase 1
Independent Assortment: Metaphase 1 and 2
Random Fertilization

29
Q

Differences between members of a population.

A

Variation

30
Q

Variation. Meiosis results in ______________ of chromosomes in gametes.

A

random separation

31
Q

Variation. Causes _______ populations that over time can be stronger for survival.

A

diverse

32
Q

Complete process of meiosis I and meiosis II to produce 4 spermatids.

A

Spermatocytogenesis

33
Q

Differentiation of spermatids to spermatozoa.

A

Spermiogenesis

34
Q

It is the production of female gametes (ova) within ovaries (sometimes it happens in the oviduct). Unlike in spermatogenesis, this starts during the fetal development.

A

Ooogenesis

12 Q1 (24 decks)

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