General Biology: Animal Tissues Flashcards
This provides a division of labor among body cells.
Tissues
2 groups of animal tissues
Epithelial and Connective tissues
Group of animal tissue.
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Stratified
Pseudostratified
Simple columnar
Epithelial Tissue
Group of animal tissue.
hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
areolar tissue
blood
adipose
bone
fibrocartilage
reticular tissue
tendons
ligament
Connective Tissue
GroupTissueFunction.
-Protects underlying tissues
-absorbs
-secretes
-excretes
Epithelial Tissue
GroupTissueFunction.
-binds parts
-supports other tissue types
-fill in spaces
Connective Tissue
CharacteristicsGroupTissue.
-compact arrangement of cells
Epithelial Tissue
CharacteristicsGroupTissue.
- presence of basement membrane
- avascular
Epithelial
EpithelialTissue.
This binds the epithelium together and separates from underlying connective tissue.
Basement Membrane
CharacteristicsGroupTissue.
Named according to cell layers and shape.
Epithelial
AnimalTissueGroup. An _________ is the outer layer of your skin and so is the lining of your small intestine.
Epithelial tissue
Epithelial cells are closely packed and this helps them to serve as barriers to __________ and potentially harmful microbes.
fluid movement (prevent leakage)
Epithelial.
Classification based on number of cell layers:
Simple = one layer
Stratified = multiple layers
Epithelial.
Classification based on cell shape
Squamous (flat; diffusion and filtration; Protection)
Cuboidal (cube; Secretion and absorption; Rare protection)
Columnar (long; Secretion and absorption; Rare protection)
(itsura; simple; stratified)
Epithelial.
lines the heart, blood, and lymphatic vessels , body cavities, and alveoli
Simple squamous (one flat layer)
Epithelial. lines the kidney tubules and covers ovaries.
Simple cuboidal (one cube-like layer)
Epithelial.
elongated cells and ciliated
Simple columnar
Epithelial.
some of its cells are shorter than others, and their nuclei appear at different heights above the basement membrane. Respiratory tract.
Pseudostratified columnar
Epithelial.
protects against abrasion; esophagus, mouth, outer portion of the skin
Stratified squamous (Multilayered square-like)
AnimalTissueGroup. SUPPORTS and BINDS other tissues.
The most abundant and widely distributed tissues that also functions as protection.
Connective Tissue
AnimalTissueGroup.
varying amounts of extracellular matrix (ground substance and fibers).
Connective Tissue
The type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE depends on the kinds of matrix they possess.
Matrix = ground substance and fibers
Ground substance = water, proteins and polysaccharide
Fiber =
Ground substance – polysaccharide
ConnectiveTissue.
5 Types
Dense CT
Loose CT
Bone
Blood
Cartilage (hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage)
ConnectiveTissue.
3 Fiber Types
Collagenous
Reticular
Elastic
ConnectiveTissue.
3 Loose types
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Connective Tissue
(a) Provides STRENGTH and FLEXIBILITY
(b) JOIN connective tissue to adjacent tissue; forms internal skeleton
(c) make tissue ELASTIC
a. Collagenous
b. Reticular
c. Elastic
ConnectiveTissue.
Also called osseous tissue
- the matrix is calcified by CALCIUM SALTS organized around collagen fibers arranged in concentric rings (LAMELLA)
Because of its rocklike hardness, bone has an exceptional ability to protect and support other body organs (for example, the skull protects the brain).
BONE
ConnectiveTissue.
cavities where bone cells are lodged
Lacunae
ConnectiveTissue.
Bone cells
Osteocytes
ConnectiveTissue.
- Main matrix is COLLAGEN FIBERS
-Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts (fiber-forming cells) that manufacture the building blocks of the fibers.
- Forms tendons and ligaments
Dense fibrous tissue
ConnectiveTissue.
Attach skeletal muscles to bones
TENDONS
ConnectiveTissue.
Bones to Bones at joints
LIGAMENTS
ConnectiveTissue.
The most widely distributed connective tissue variety in the body, is a soft, pliable, “COBWEBBY” tissue that cushions and protects the body organs
Areolar ICT
ConnectiveTissue.
Functions as a universal packing tissue and connective tissue “glue” because it helps to hold the internal organs together and in their proper positions.
Areolar ICT
ConnectiveTissue.
Loose (areolar) CT is characterized by _____________ and elastic fibers. It is highly cellular, containing fibroblasts, immune cells (e.g., mast cells, macrophages, T cells), and endothelial cells (capillaries).
relatively loosely arranged collagen
ConnectiveTissue.
It is often found directly underlying epithelia that cover body surfaces or line internal surfaces.
Loose Areolar Tissue
ConnectiveTissue.
Function: cushions, supports, insulates and acts as filler tissue. Like large soap bubbles with nuclei pushed to one side.
Adipose Tissue LCT
ConnectiveTissue.
Commonly known as fat Forms the subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin
Adipose Tissue LCT
ConnectiveTissue.
Its main role is to serve as an ENERGY STORING reservoir, but it also INSULATES the body from extreme temperatures, cushions vital organs, and secretes hormones and biological factors.
- On the other hand, brown adipose tissue is mostly present during fetal life and in infants.
Adipose Tissue LCT
ConnectiveTissue.
It forms the stroma (literally, “bed” or “mattress”), or the internal framework of an organ.
- supporting structure of the bone marrow, liver, and lymphoid organs
Reticular Tissue LCT
ConnectiveTissue.
The stroma is mostly made up of connective tissue made of type III collagen, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
(reticulum = net or network).
Reticular Tissue LCT
ConnectiveTissue.
Blood cell. surrounded by a nonliving, fluid matrix called _______ and the formed elements ( cells, corpuscles, and fragments)
blood plasma
ConnectiveTissue.
The “fibers” of blood are soluble protein molecules that become visible only during?
blood clotting
ConnectiveTissue.
Why is Blood is considered a specialized connective tissue?
as it connects all systems of the body and transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes.
ConnectiveTissue.
Composition of blood
Plasma & Blood Cells
ConnectiveTissue.
- most FLEXIBLE cartilage
- Supports the external ear.
Elastic cartilage
ConnectiveTissue.
It forms the supporting structures of the LARYNX, or VOICE BOX, attaches the ribs to the breastbone, and covers the ends of many bones.
The skeleton of a fetus is hyaline cartilage but soon replaced by bones
Hyaline cartilage
ConnectiveTissue.
The exceptions include the epiphyseal, or growth, plates in long bones, which allow the bones to grow in length during youth.
Hyaline cartilage
ConnectiveTissue.
It is found predominantly in the intervertebral disks of the spine and at the insertions of ligaments and tendons.
Fibrocartilage
ConnectiveIssue.
forms the cushion-like disks between the vertebrae of the spinal column where it helps manage compression forces and reduces stress placed on joints.
Fibrocartilage
