General Biology: Animal Tissues Flashcards by zel .

This provides a division of labor among body cells.

Tissues

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2 groups of animal tissues

Epithelial and Connective tissues

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Group of animal tissue.
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Stratified
Pseudostratified
Simple columnar

Epithelial Tissue

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Group of animal tissue.
hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
areolar tissue
blood
adipose
bone
fibrocartilage
reticular tissue
tendons
ligament

Connective Tissue

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GroupTissueFunction.
-Protects underlying tissues
-absorbs
-secretes
-excretes

Epithelial Tissue

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GroupTissueFunction.
-binds parts
-supports other tissue types
-fill in spaces

Connective Tissue

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CharacteristicsGroupTissue.
-compact arrangement of cells

Epithelial Tissue

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CharacteristicsGroupTissue.
- presence of basement membrane
- avascular

Epithelial

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EpithelialTissue.
This binds the epithelium together and separates from underlying connective tissue.

Basement Membrane

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CharacteristicsGroupTissue.
Named according to cell layers and shape.

Epithelial

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AnimalTissueGroup. An _________ is the outer layer of your skin and so is the lining of your small intestine.

Epithelial tissue

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Epithelial cells are closely packed and this helps them to serve as barriers to __________ and potentially harmful microbes.

fluid movement (prevent leakage)

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Epithelial.
Classification based on number of cell layers:

Simple = one layer
Stratified = multiple layers

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Epithelial.
Classification based on cell shape

Squamous (flat; diffusion and filtration; Protection)
Cuboidal (cube; Secretion and absorption; Rare protection)
Columnar (long; Secretion and absorption; Rare protection)

(itsura; simple; stratified)

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Epithelial.
lines the heart, blood, and lymphatic vessels , body cavities, and alveoli

Simple squamous (one flat layer)

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Epithelial. lines the kidney tubules and covers ovaries.

Simple cuboidal (one cube-like layer)

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Epithelial.
elongated cells and ciliated

Simple columnar

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Epithelial.
some of its cells are shorter than others, and their nuclei appear at different heights above the basement membrane. Respiratory tract.

Pseudostratified columnar

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Epithelial.
protects against abrasion; esophagus, mouth, outer portion of the skin

Stratified squamous (Multilayered square-like)

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AnimalTissueGroup. SUPPORTS and BINDS other tissues.
The most abundant and widely distributed tissues that also functions as protection.

Connective Tissue

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AnimalTissueGroup.
varying amounts of extracellular matrix (ground substance and fibers).

Connective Tissue

The type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE depends on the kinds of matrix they possess.

Matrix = ground substance and fibers
Ground substance = water, proteins and polysaccharide
Fiber =

Ground substance – polysaccharide

ConnectiveTissue.
5 Types

Dense CT
Loose CT
Bone
Blood
Cartilage (hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage)

ConnectiveTissue.
3 Fiber Types

Collagenous
Reticular
Elastic

ConnectiveTissue. 3 Loose types

Areolar Adipose Reticular

Connective Tissue (a) Provides STRENGTH and FLEXIBILITY (b) JOIN connective tissue to adjacent tissue; forms internal skeleton (c) make tissue ELASTIC

a. Collagenous b. Reticular c. Elastic

ConnectiveTissue. Also called osseous tissue - the matrix is calcified by CALCIUM SALTS organized around collagen fibers arranged in concentric rings (LAMELLA) Because of its rocklike hardness, bone has an exceptional ability to protect and support other body organs (for example, the skull protects the brain).

BONE

ConnectiveTissue. cavities where bone cells are lodged

Lacunae

ConnectiveTissue. Bone cells

Osteocytes

ConnectiveTissue. - Main matrix is COLLAGEN FIBERS -Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts (fiber-forming cells) that manufacture the building blocks of the fibers. - Forms tendons and ligaments

Dense fibrous tissue

ConnectiveTissue. Attach skeletal muscles to bones

TENDONS

ConnectiveTissue. Bones to Bones at joints

LIGAMENTS

ConnectiveTissue. The most widely distributed connective tissue variety in the body, is a soft, pliable, “COBWEBBY” tissue that cushions and protects the body organs

Areolar ICT

ConnectiveTissue. Functions as a universal packing tissue and connective tissue “glue” because it helps to hold the internal organs together and in their proper positions.

Areolar ICT

ConnectiveTissue. Loose (areolar) CT is characterized by _____________ and elastic fibers. It is highly cellular, containing fibroblasts, immune cells (e.g., mast cells, macrophages, T cells), and endothelial cells (capillaries).

relatively loosely arranged collagen

ConnectiveTissue. It is often found directly underlying epithelia that cover body surfaces or line internal surfaces.

Loose Areolar Tissue

ConnectiveTissue. Function: cushions, supports, insulates and acts as filler tissue. Like large soap bubbles with nuclei pushed to one side.

Adipose Tissue LCT

ConnectiveTissue. Commonly known as fat Forms the subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin

Adipose Tissue LCT

ConnectiveTissue. Its main role is to serve as an ENERGY STORING reservoir, but it also INSULATES the body from extreme temperatures, cushions vital organs, and secretes hormones and biological factors. - On the other hand, brown adipose tissue is mostly present during fetal life and in infants.

Adipose Tissue LCT

ConnectiveTissue. It forms the stroma (literally, “bed” or “mattress”), or the internal framework of an organ. - supporting structure of the bone marrow, liver, and lymphoid organs

Reticular Tissue LCT

ConnectiveTissue. The stroma is mostly made up of connective tissue made of type III collagen, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. (reticulum = net or network).

Reticular Tissue LCT

ConnectiveTissue. Blood cell. surrounded by a nonliving, fluid matrix called _______ and the formed elements ( cells, corpuscles, and fragments)

blood plasma

ConnectiveTissue. The “fibers” of blood are soluble protein molecules that become visible only during?

blood clotting

ConnectiveTissue. Why is Blood is considered a specialized connective tissue?

as it connects all systems of the body and transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes.

ConnectiveTissue. Composition of blood

Plasma & Blood Cells

ConnectiveTissue. - most FLEXIBLE cartilage - Supports the external ear.

Elastic cartilage

ConnectiveTissue. It forms the supporting structures of the LARYNX, or VOICE BOX, attaches the ribs to the breastbone, and covers the ends of many bones. The skeleton of a fetus is hyaline cartilage but soon replaced by bones

Hyaline cartilage

ConnectiveTissue. The exceptions include the epiphyseal, or growth, plates in long bones, which allow the bones to grow in length during youth.

Hyaline cartilage

ConnectiveTissue. It is found predominantly in the intervertebral disks of the spine and at the insertions of ligaments and tendons.

Fibrocartilage

ConnectiveIssue. forms the cushion-like disks between the vertebrae of the spinal column where it helps manage compression forces and reduces stress placed on joints.

Fibrocartilage