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STEM FIRST & SECOND SEMESTER TFUCS > General Biology 1 (Part III) > Flashcards

General Biology 1 (Part III) Flashcards

1
Q

The sequence of stages from one division to the next.

A

Cell Cycle

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2
Q

It is an orderly progression of events that occur between the time a new cell has arisen from the division of the parent cell to the point when two daughter cells are produced

A

Cell Cycle

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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Cell Cycle?

A

Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

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4
Q

The First and longest stage of the Cell Cycle

A

Interphase

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5
Q

What are the 3 phases of Interphase?

A

G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase

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6
Q

The cell’s primary growth phase.

A

G1 Phase

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7
Q

The cell copies its DNA to produce two sister chromatids and replicates its nucleosomes.

A

S Phase

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8
Q

Involves further cell growth and organization of cellular contents.

A

G2 Phase

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9
Q

The Period when chromosome divide.

A

Mitosis

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10
Q

What are the 4 stages of Mitosis?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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11
Q

During this phase, chromosome appear as long thin intertwined threads but, as this stage continues, the chromosome becomes shorter and thinner.

A

Prophase

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12
Q

Stars when the chromosome with spindle fibers attached has moved to the equator of the cell.

A

Metaphase

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13
Q

The centromeres divide, converting each sister chromatid into a chromosome.

A

Anaphase

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14
Q

The chromosomes have reached the opposite ends of the cell.

A

Telophase

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15
Q

Takes place toward the end of Mitosis.

A

Cytokinesis

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16
Q

Formation of a constriction called cleavage furrow at the equator of the cell.

A

Animal Cytokinesis

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17
Q

The dividing cell forms a similar structure called the cell plate.

A

Plant Cytokinesis

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18
Q

The ___________ has key checkpoints where feedback from the cell about its condition every checkpoint.

A

Cell Cycle

19
Q

What are the 3 Principle Checkpoints where feedback from the cell about its condition every checkpoint:

A

G1 Checkpoint
G2 Checkpoint
M PHASE

20
Q

What happen to the G1 Checkpoint?

A

When cell growth is assessed.

21
Q

What happen to G2 Checkpoint?

A

When DNA replication is assessed

22
Q

What happen to M Checkpoint

A

ensures that the chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle and will be distributed accurately

23
Q

What is the Purpose of Mitosis?

A

To keep the number of chromosomes constant in all of the cell of the body, so that every cell contains identical genetic material.

24
Q

What is the Purpose of Meiosis

A

To provide variation in gametes and to keep the number of chromosomes constant generation after generation.

25
Q

What is the 2 Consecutive Nuclear Divisions

A

Meiosis I
Meiosis II

26
Q

What happened at the Interphase of Meiosis

A

S phase: Chromosomes are duplicated.
The resulting sister chromatids are held together in the centromere.
The centrosomes are also duplicated.

27
Q

What will happen at Meiosis I, Prophase 1?

A

the homologous chromosomes pair and form synapsis.
The paired chromosomes are bivalent.
Crossing over occurs.

28
Q

What will happen at Meiosis I, Metaphase 1

A

Bivalents align.

29
Q

What will happen at Meiosis I, Anaphase 1

A

the homologous chromosomes separate.

30
Q

What will happen at Meiosis I, Telophase 1

A

nuclear envelopes reforms forming two daughter cells.

31
Q

What will happen at Meiosis II, Prophase II?

A

chromosomes condenses and new set of spindle fibers forms.

32
Q

What will happen at Meiosis II, Metaphase II?

A

chromosomes align themselves along the metaphase plate with the help of spindle fibers.

33
Q

What will happen at Meiosis II, Anaphase II?

A

the chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers.

34
Q

What will happen at Meiosis II, Telophase II?

A

the cell divide forming 4 haploid cells.

35
Q

How many cells are there in the (Meiosis) Haploid?

A

23

36
Q

How many cells are there in the (Mitosis) Diploid?

A

46

37
Q

Cell death

A

Apoptosis

38
Q

A cell that leaves the Cell Cycle

A

G0

39
Q

Does not divide into 2 daughter cells

A

Neurons

40
Q

How many chromosomes are in Mitosis?

A

46

41
Q

How many chromosomes are in Meiosis?

A

23

42
Q

Pair of Homologous Chromosomes

A

Bivalent

43
Q

Overlapping 2 chromosomes of Mother and Father cells

A

Homologous Chromosomes

STEM FIRST & SECOND SEMESTER TFUCS (50 decks)

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