English for Academic and Professional Purposes Flashcards
_______ is defined as critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or professionals
Academic Text
Generally quite formal, objective (impersonal) and technical
Academic Text
What are the 2 types to avoid in Academic Text?
Casual or Conversational Language
Contraction or Informal Vocabular
It is _______ and ______ by avoiding direct reference to people or feelings, and instead emphasizing objects, facts, and ideas.
Impersonal and Objective
3 examples of academic writing are as follows :
Literary Analysis
Research Paper
Dissertation
A ________ essay examines, evaluates, and makes an argument about literary work.
Literary Analysis
A _______ uses outside information to support a thesis or make an argument.
Research Paper
________ are written in all disciplines and may be evaluative, analytical, or critical in nature.
Research Paper
A _________ is a document submitted at the conclusion of a Ph.D. program.
Dissertation
The ___________ is a book- length summarization of doctoral candidate’s research
Dissertation
is an important feature of academic writing.
Structure
A well - structured text enables the reader to follow the argument and navigate the text.
Structure
The three- part of essay structure
Introduction
The body
Conclusion
Its purpose is to clearly tell the reader the topic, purpose, and structure of the paper.
Introduction
The most general information, such as background and/or definitions.
Introductions
Where you show the overall topic, purpose, your point of view, hypotheses, and/or research questions ( depending on what kind of paper it is.)
Introduction
The most specific information describes the scope and structure of your paper.
Introduction
It develops the question, “What is the topic about?.
The body
It may elaborate directly on the topic sentence by giving definitions, classifications, explanations, contrasts, examples, and evidence.
The body
The ________ usually begins by briefly summarizing the main scope or structure of the paper, confirms the topic that was given in the introduction, and ends with a more general statement about how this topic relates to its context
Conclusion
What is the structure of IMRaD?
Introduction
Methods
Results
and Discussion
The introduction usually depicts the background of the topic and the central focus of the study.
The IMRaD structure
The _______ lets your readers know your data collection methods, research instrument employed, sample size, and so on.
Methodology
_________ and __________ states the brief summary of the key findings or the results of your study.
Results, Discussion
_____________ represents the language demands of school (academics).
Academic Language
__________ includes language used in textbooks, in classrooms, on tests, and in each discipline
Academic Language
Academic Writing is generally ________,___________, and __________ ?
Quite Formal
Objective (Impersonal)
Technical
Avoid personal or direct reference to people or feelings
Objective
Use vocabulary specific to the discipline
Technical
Avoid casual or conversational such as contractions and informal vocabulary
Formal
What are the 6 purposes of reading?
1.) to scan for specific information
2.) to skim to get an overview of the text
3.) to relate new content to existing knowledge
4.) to write something (often depends on a prompt)
5.) to critique an argument
6.) to learn something for general comprehension
Is this before/during/after reading?
Establish your purpose for reading
Before Reading
Is this before/during/after reading?
Annotate and mark (sparingly) sections of the text to easily recall important or interesting ideas
During Reading
Is this before/during/after reading?
Check your predictions and find answers to posed questions
During Reading
Is this before/during/after reading?
Review what you already know and want to learn about the topic
Before Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Speculate about the author’s purpose for writing
Before Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Preview the text to get an overview of its structure, looking at headings, figures, tables, glossary, etc.
Before Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Predict the contents of the text and pose questions about it. If the authors have provided discussion questions, read them and write them on a note- taking sheet.
Before Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Note any discussion questions that have been provided ( sometimes at the end of the text )
Before Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Use headings and transition words to identify relationships in the text.
During Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Use headings and transition words to identify relationships in the text.
During Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Try to infer unfamiliar words meanings by identifying their relationship to the main idea.
During Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Connect the text to what you already know about the topic.
During Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Take breaks ( split the text into segments if necessary )
During Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Summarize the text in your words (note what you learned, impressions, and reactions) in an outline, concept map, or matrix (for several texts)
After Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Talk to someone about the author’s ideas to check your comprehension
After Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Identify and reread difficult parts of the text
After Reading
Is this Before/During/After Reading?
Define words on your vocabulary list and practice using them
After Reading
According to __________, in her popular writing text fit to print, Summarizing is reducing text to one-third or one-quarter of its original size, clearly articulating the author’s meaning, and retaining the main ideas.
Buckley (2004)
_____________, in a Canadian Writer’s Reference, explains that summarizing involves stating a work’s thesis and main ideas “Simply, briefly, and accurately.”
Diane Hacker( 2008)
From dictionaries, it is defined as taking a lot of information and creating a condensed version that covers the main points; and expresses the most important factor ideas about something or someone in as short and clear form.
Summarizing
What are the 9 Various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts?
1.) Read the work first to understand the author’s intent.
2.) Present information through facts, skills, and concepts in visual formats.
3.) know the main points and the supporting details
4.) Analyze the text to save time in thinking about what you will do
5.) Be sure to cover the main points and arguments of the document.
6.) Restating the words into a different one
7.) Organize all ideas
8.) Write down all information in a coherent and precise form.
9.) Paraphrasing is one of the skills you can do in writing a summary.
What are the 5 easy techniques in summarizing various academic texts :
1.) Somebody Wanted But So Then
2.) SAAC method
3.) 5 w’s, 1 H
4.) First, Then, Finally
5.) Give me the Gist
Technique for summarizing any kind of text (story, article. speech, etc.)
SAAC method
The meaning of SAAC method
State
Assign
Action
Complete
In the Technique “Somebody Wanted But So Then”?
What is Somebody?
Who is the story about?
In the Technique “Somebody Wanted But So Then”?
What is Wanted?
What does the main charter want?
In the Technique “Somebody Wanted But So Then”?
What is But?
Identify a problem that the main character encounter.
In the Technique “Somebody Wanted But So Then”?
What is So?
How does the main character solve the problem
In the Technique “Somebody Wanted But So Then”?
What is Then?
Tell how the story ends
When someone asks for the ___ of the story, they want to know what the story about. In other words, they want a summary— not a retelling of every detail.
The Gist
_______ is useful in many types of writing and different points in the writing process.
Summarizing
_______ is used to support to an argument, provide context for a paper’s thesis, write literature reviews, and annotate a bibliography.
Summarizing
The benefit of summarizing lies in showing the ______, which allows the reader to contextualize what you are saying.
“Big Picture”
Written language had longer words, it is lexically more dense and it has a more varied vocabulary.
Complex
Facts are given accurately and precisely.
Precise
It is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are related
Explicit
Uses Vocabulary accurately.
Accurate
Most subject have words with narrow specific meanings.
Accurate
has fewer words that refer to the writer or the reader
Objective.
Main emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want to make rather than you.
Objective
What are the 6 features of Academic Language?
Complex
Formal
Precise
Objective
Explicit
Accurate
