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540 (cow class) > fx repair > Flashcards

fx repair Flashcards

1
Q

list the fx from most to least common

A
  • MC/MT
  • tibia
  • radius/ulna
  • humerus
  • femur
  • pelvis, phalanges, vertebrae, ribs
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2
Q

how do MC/MT fx happen?

A

calves: calving chain injuries, trampling, physeal fx (very common in calves!!)

adults: trauma

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3
Q

how do you tx MC/MT fx?

A

simple: cast (full limb)

comminuted, long oblique, spiral: transfixation pin cast, external fix, internal fix

open: external fix

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4
Q

how do you tx a tibia fx?

A

Thomas splint!!!

cast if distal, transfixation pin cast, external fix, internal fx

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5
Q

how do you tx radius/ulna fx?

A

olecranon: internal fix

radius: Thomas splint!!, transfixation pin cast, external fix, internal fix

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6
Q

how do femur fx happen?

A

calf: dystocia (calf is backwards)
adult: trauma

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7
Q

how do you tx a femur fx?

A

external fix, internal fx

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8
Q

can you use a Thomas splint for a femur fx?

A

NOOOOOOO

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9
Q

can you use a full limb cast for a femur fx?

A

NOOOOOO

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10
Q

tell me the relationship between success of fx tx and age/weight

A

success of tx is INVERSELY proportional to age and weight

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11
Q

tell me about salter Harris fractures

A

young animals - physeal fractures

1: S - straight
2: A - above
3: L - lower
4: T - through
5: ER - erase

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12
Q

how do you dx a fracture?

A

lameness, palpation, assess concurrent ST damage, open vs closed, rads!

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13
Q

tell me about fracture px in cattle

A

largely anecdotal in bovine practice - little evidence and small case numbers to quote percentage of success to clients

open, articular, and proximal limb = worse px

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14
Q

tell me the tx options for cattle fx from most to least economical AND least to most stable fixation (it’s the same order for both these things)

A
  1. salvage/euth
  2. stall confinement
  3. external computation (splints, Thomas splint, casts)
  4. external skeletal fixartors (transfixation pin casts, pins/clamps/sidebars)
  5. internal fixation
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15
Q

tell me about splints in cattle
1. when to use?
2. how to use?

A
  1. ER/temporary coaptation (most commonly), follow up to other forms of coaptation/fixation, distal MC3/MT3 (cast preferred tho)
  2. immobilize joint above and below fx, place at 90 degrees
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16
Q

when do we use casts in cattle?

A

MC/MT fx, closed fx w/ adequate blood supply

17
Q

tell me how to use a cast in cattle

A
  • incorporate joint above and below, include foot, neutral position
  • clean/dry limb, felt application (no circumferential tape and no overlap of felt)
  • can do fx reduction
  • make cast even (no weak/pressure points), apply fast enough for polymerization, apply enough layers
18
Q

how can you remove a cast?

A
  • OB wire (place when putting on cast)
  • oscillating cast saw
19
Q

what is an importation aftercare thing when dealing with casts?

A

rads 24h post casting (weight bearing)

also exercise restriction, should b comfy at walk, check cast daily

20
Q

tell me about when to change casts in cattle

A

rapidly growing calves: 2-4 wks
adults: 6-8wks

any change in comfort = remove cast

21
Q

tell me about cast sores

A

swelling above cast, increase lameness, drainage visible on cast, smell!

if any of these, remove cast!

22
Q

when do we use Thomas splints?

A

fx prox to carpus/tarsus, RADIAL AND TIBIAL FX

23
Q

what is a transfixation pin cast?

A

cast + external fixator –> suspend limb in cast, transferring weight from cast tip to pins placed prox to fx

24
Q

when do we use transfixation pin casts?

A

MC3/4, MT3/4, distal radius, distal tibia

NOT PROXIMAL TO RADIUS OR TIBIA

25
Q

when are transfixation pin casts contraindicated?

A

fx proximal to radius or tibia

26
Q

true or false: pin diameter doesn’t really matter in a transfixation pin cast

A

false! its critical!

not >20-30% diameter of bone

27
Q

list some possible pin complications with transfixation pin casts

A

fx through pins, early pin loosening, infection, pin bending, sequestrum

28
Q

when do we use external fixation (pins, clamps, rods)?

A

similar indications as transfixation pin casts, but also allows you to access fx site (coz it’s not in a cast lol) - useful if attempting to repair open dx

use on most long bones

29
Q

when do we use internal fixation?

A

more functional/cosmetic outcomes, when near-perfect reduction possible, can be used in combo with other methods, better in light animals

30
Q

when is ER coaptation needed?

A

reduce animal anxiety, prevent further displacement/progression to open fx prior to definitive tx

basically, to make sure nothing gets worse!

31
Q

list 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of casts

A

pros:
- economical
- field applications
- excellent px w/ some fx configurations

cons:
- cast sores
- no resistance to fx compression
- contralateral limb valgus/varus (excessive weight bearing)
- malalignment of fx

32
Q

list 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of Thomas splints?

A

pros:
- economical
- field application
- THERE WASN’T A 3RD IN THE LECTURE LOL

cons:
- open fx AFTER application (can’t see it/get to it!)
- pressure sores
- contralateral limb - varus
- prolonged recumbency - rumen tympany

33
Q

list 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of transfixation pin casts

A

pros:
- equipment readily available
- feasible in GP
- share forces w/ cast (minimal bone to frame distance)

cons:
- complications w/ pins
- more technically difficult than splint/cast
- cast sores

34
Q

list 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of external fixators (pins/clamps/rods)

A

pros:
- early return to function
- able to manage open fractures
- can be used w/ severe comminution

cons:
- increased post op management and special equipment
- poor anatomic alignment, reduction, and compression
- pain from micro motion at pin-bone interface

35
Q

list 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of internal fixators

A

pros:
- early return to weight bearing
- accurate anatomic alignment
- THERE WASN’T A 3RD IN THE LECTURE

cons:
- expensive
- referral procedure
- risk if implant failure/infection

540 (cow class) (32 decks)

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