Anemia/Anaplasmosis Flashcards
What are the expected distant signs of an anemic bovine?
weakness, exercise intolerance, separated from the rest
What are the expected close signs of an anemic bovine?
tachycardia, tachypnea, pale mm
tell me about the bovine membrane colour guide.
membrane colour guides treatment
very pale = PCV <12%
yellow = PCV 8-20%
pale pink to yellow = PCV 12-27%
bright pink = PCV 12-27%
what are your options for live animal diagnostics?
CBC, chem, PCV/TS, blood smear
how do you differentiate hemoglobinuria from hematuria grossly?
if stays red, then Hb uria
what are your ddx for hemoglobinuria?
- leptospirosis
- bacillary hemoglobinuria
- brassica tox
- post-partum hemoglobinuria
- water tox
- iso-immune hemolytic anemia
- copper tox
how does brassica tox cause anemia?
pre-toxin –> rumen –> toxin –> hemolysis
what are the C/S of brassica tox?
choke, pulmonary edema, photosensitization, Hburia
very high dose = hemolysis and death
how do you tx brassica tox?
transfusion, supportive fluids
what are your ddx for hematuria?
- pyelonephritis
- cystitis
- acute & chronic bracken fern tox
- urolithiasis
what are other names for anaplasmosis?
yellow bag, yellow fever
it’s a type of tick fever
what is the etiological agent behind anaplasmosis?
Anaplasma marginale
what are the C/S of anaplasmosis?
- icteric, pallor
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- depressed, low rumen rate
- bilirubinuria
what is the environment like in a herd with anaplasmosis?
rough pasture, long stemmy grass
(vector habitat)
how do you test for anaplasmosis?
PCR = confirmatory test
necropsy (pale yellow carcasses, enlarged spleen & gall bladder, dark brown-yellow urine)
how do you tx anaplasmosis?
- Antibiotics (oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin) – none labelled!
- general anemia tx
true or false: once a cow is treated after having anaplasmosis, they are fully healed
false. they are carriers for life (maintain dz, no C/S)
increase and decrease infected RBCs on a 10-14 day cycle
list some vectors for anaplasmosis
Dermacenter (andersoni, variabilis, albipictus, occidentalis
Rhipicephalus microplus
andersoni and variables the most concerning, esp andersoni coz it’s in AB
what are your general anemia tx options?
- specific: transfusion (use if PCV <12%)
- build RBCs (ration, vit/min suppl., iron, copper)
