BRD 3

Question 1

what are the major causes of pneumonia in beef cattle in a cow-calf operation?

Answer 1

summer pneumonia/enzootic pneumonia
(M. haemolytica, H. somni, M. bovis, P. multocida; BHV1, BRSV, bovine coronavirus)

Question 2

what are the major causes of pneumonia in beef cattle in a feedlot?

Answer 2

BRD (risk decreases as time goes on) - most die/get sick in first 3 weeks following arrival

Question 3

what clinical signs are indicative of LRT dz?

Answer 3

rapid deep breathing (hyperpnea), fast shallow breathing (tachypnea), expiratory dyspnea

Question 4

from most common to rare, what are the types of pneumonia that affects cattle (Beef)

Answer 4

bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, embolic pneumonia

Question 5

broncopneumonia is caused by ___ in beef

Answer 5

BRD or aspy pneu pneu

Question 6

bronchopneumonia has a _____ distribution, and gremlins gain access through ____. there is usually ___ response to tx.

Answer 6

cranioventral distribution
pulmonary tree
good response to tx

Question 7

interstitial pneumonia has a _____ distribution, and gremlins gain access through ____. there is usually ___ response to tx.

Answer 7

widespread
pulmonary circulation or pulmonary tree
slow/no response to tx

Question 8

embolic pneumonia has a _____ distribution, and gremlins gain access through ____. there is usually ___ response to tx.

Answer 8

widespread
pulmonary circulation
no response to tx

Question 9

why is BRDC sometimes called summer pneumonia?

Answer 9

calves get sick the summer before weaning at cow-calf

Question 10

what is the first sign of BRD ?

Answer 10

fever

Question 11

what is another name for acute interstitial pneumonia in pastured cattle?

Answer 11

fog fever, acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema

Question 12

fog fever is seen when?

Answer 12

in pastured cattle moved to lush pastures –> excess ingestion of L-tryptophan, which is covered to 3-methylindone

signs occur 2 weeks of pasture change

Question 13

what are the C/S of fog fever/acute interstitial pneumonia in pastured cattle?

Answer 13

• sudden death
• acute onset of severe dyspnea
• frothing @ mouth
• mouth breathing
• tachypnea
• normal/elevated temp
• no exercise tolerance
• SQ emphysema may be present

Question 14

what is the tx for fog fever?

Answer 14

1. none –> spontaneous cure
2. furosemide + NSAIDs

px poor for severely affected cattle

Question 15

how do you prevent fog fever?

Answer 15

introduce cattle to lush pasture slowly, or don’t use lush pasture

Question 16

acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle: what is the cause? when does it occur?

Answer 16

cause unknown

occurs during hot, dry, dusty spring/summer days in AB

Question 17

what are the C/S of acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle?

Answer 17

• sudden death
• rapid onset tachypnea and expiratory dyspnea
• open-mouth breathing
• frothing @ mouth
• rectal temps variable
• SQ emphysema may be present
• lung auscultation = dull areas throughout lungs along w/ crackles

Question 18

how do you tx acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle?

Answer 18

SAID + Abs (not NSAID)

px: guarded

Question 19

broncho-interstitial pneumonia in beef: what causes it?

Answer 19

uncomplicated viral infections (BRSV, PI3)

however, it is often complicated with secondary bac t infections

Question 20

broncho-interstitial pneumonia in beef: lesions?

Answer 20

bronchiolar epithelial and pneumocytic damage resulting in bronchiolar necrosis, mild inflammatory cell influx, type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia

Question 21

what are the C/S of verminous pneumonia?

Answer 21

• wet cough (intermittent to marked)
• tachypnea, dyspnea, anorexia, fever w/ secondary bac t infection
• auscultation = increased breath sounds w/ widespread crackles/wheezes

Question 22

what causes verminous pneumonia in beef?

Answer 22

Dictyocaulus viviparous (bovine lungworm)

Question 23

what environment does verminous pneumonia happen in?

Answer 23

mild climate and high rainfall or intense irrigation

Question 24

how do you tx verminous pneumonia?

Answer 24

anthelminthics (fenbendazole, ivermectin)

Question 25

what is upstairs-downstairs disease?

Answer 25

happens in feedlot cattle, bronchopneumonia cranially + interstitial pneumonia caudally

cause = unknown

death usually occurs 21-73 days after onset of bronchopneumonia

Question 26

anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, toxic gases, moldy sweet potato tox, verminous pneumonia due to Ascaris suum causes what type of pneumonia?

Answer 26

interstitial pneumonia