BRD 3 Flashcards
what are the major causes of pneumonia in beef cattle in a cow-calf operation?
summer pneumonia/enzootic pneumonia
(M. haemolytica, H. somni, M. bovis, P. multocida; BHV1, BRSV, bovine coronavirus)
what are the major causes of pneumonia in beef cattle in a feedlot?
BRD (risk decreases as time goes on) - most die/get sick in first 3 weeks following arrival
what clinical signs are indicative of LRT dz?
rapid deep breathing (hyperpnea), fast shallow breathing (tachypnea), expiratory dyspnea
from most common to rare, what are the types of pneumonia that affects cattle (Beef)
bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, embolic pneumonia
broncopneumonia is caused by ___ in beef
BRD or aspy pneu pneu
bronchopneumonia has a _____ distribution, and gremlins gain access through ____. there is usually ___ response to tx.
cranioventral distribution
pulmonary tree
good response to tx
interstitial pneumonia has a _____ distribution, and gremlins gain access through ____. there is usually ___ response to tx.
widespread
pulmonary circulation or pulmonary tree
slow/no response to tx
embolic pneumonia has a _____ distribution, and gremlins gain access through ____. there is usually ___ response to tx.
widespread
pulmonary circulation
no response to tx
why is BRDC sometimes called summer pneumonia?
calves get sick the summer before weaning at cow-calf
what is the first sign of BRD ?
fever
what is another name for acute interstitial pneumonia in pastured cattle?
fog fever, acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema
fog fever is seen when?
in pastured cattle moved to lush pastures –> excess ingestion of L-tryptophan, which is covered to 3-methylindone
signs occur 2 weeks of pasture change
what are the C/S of fog fever/acute interstitial pneumonia in pastured cattle?
- sudden death
- acute onset of severe dyspnea
- frothing @ mouth
- mouth breathing
- tachypnea
- normal/elevated temp
- no exercise tolerance
- SQ emphysema may be present
what is the tx for fog fever?
- none –> spontaneous cure
- furosemide + NSAIDs
px poor for severely affected cattle
how do you prevent fog fever?
introduce cattle to lush pasture slowly, or don’t use lush pasture
acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle: what is the cause? when does it occur?
cause unknown
occurs during hot, dry, dusty spring/summer days in AB
what are the C/S of acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle?
- sudden death
- rapid onset tachypnea and expiratory dyspnea
- open-mouth breathing
- frothing @ mouth
- rectal temps variable
- SQ emphysema may be present
- lung auscultation = dull areas throughout lungs along w/ crackles
how do you tx acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle?
SAID + Abs (not NSAID)
px: guarded
broncho-interstitial pneumonia in beef: what causes it?
uncomplicated viral infections (BRSV, PI3)
however, it is often complicated with secondary bac t infections
broncho-interstitial pneumonia in beef: lesions?
bronchiolar epithelial and pneumocytic damage resulting in bronchiolar necrosis, mild inflammatory cell influx, type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia
what are the C/S of verminous pneumonia?
- wet cough (intermittent to marked)
- tachypnea, dyspnea, anorexia, fever w/ secondary bac t infection
- auscultation = increased breath sounds w/ widespread crackles/wheezes
what causes verminous pneumonia in beef?
Dictyocaulus viviparous (bovine lungworm)
what environment does verminous pneumonia happen in?
mild climate and high rainfall or intense irrigation
how do you tx verminous pneumonia?
anthelminthics (fenbendazole, ivermectin)
