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540 (cow class) > Abdominal Conditions of Calves > Flashcards

Abdominal Conditions of Calves Flashcards

1
Q

tell me about important GIT anatomy in calves

A

omasum = where more digestion occurs

starts to become more of a ruminant by 3-4mo

only way to stimulate esophageal groove = suckling

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2
Q

tell me about feed effect on rumen development

A

milk/milk replacer: limited rumen papillae

milk/milk replacer + hay: minimal rumen papillae

milk/milk replacer + starter: optimal rumen papillae and establishment of microflora

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3
Q

what do pings on the L side of the abdomen in a calf usually mean? what about R side?

A

L: DA
R: SI, abomasal distension

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4
Q

tell me what these acid base imbalances mean in a calf usually
1. metabolic acidosis
2. metabolic alkalosis
3. respiratory acidosis
4. respiratory alkalosis

A
  1. diarrhea
  2. DA or obstruction
  3. aspy pneu pneu, pneumonia
  4. hyperventilation, hypoxemia
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5
Q

how can you use pH to estimate px?

A

pH <7.3 = poor px

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6
Q

what are the top ddx in a colicing calf <8 days old?

A
  • atresia coli
  • atresia ani/recti
  • intussusception
  • peracute enteritis
  • acute diffuse peritonitis
  • omphalophlebitis
  • mesenteric torsion
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7
Q

what are the top ddx in a colicing calf >8days old?

A
  • abomasal dilation
  • abomasal torison
  • GI tympany
  • perforating abomasal ulcer
  • mesenteric torsion
  • enteritis
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8
Q

what are the C/S of atresia ani/coli/recti?

A

normal at birth, lose appetite and bloat by 12hr to several days, no meconium passed, may see white mucus at rectum, progressively worse

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9
Q

what breed of cow is more at risk for atresia ani/coli/recti

A

Holsteins

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10
Q

how do you tx atresia coli/ani/recti?

A

coli: euthanize
ani/recti: may attempt sx, but usually euthanize

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11
Q

what are some causes of bloat in calves? how do you treat?

A
  • trichobezoars
  • rumenitis
  • chronic rumen acidosis
  • rumen putrefaction/abomasitis
  • failure of closure of esophageal groove
  • severe pneumonia
  • lymphosarcoma

rumenostomy (don’t have to close it, will heal nicely)

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12
Q

what are the C/S of abomasitis and enteritis?

A

colic-like behaviour, bloat, depressed, bruxism, salivation, succession positive, fastest growing/healiest calves affected

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13
Q

what are some causes of abomasitis and enteritis in calves?

A

trichobezoars, Cu/Se/Vit E deficiency, C. perfirngens typeA, Sarcina spp.

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14
Q

how do you tx abomasitis and enteritis in calves?

A
  • diet: avoid feeding milk/milk replacer/electrolytes with glucose –> prevents bac t growth and fermentaion
  • reduce bloat: orogastric tube
  • penicillin
  • IV fluids
  • NSAIDs
  • pantoprazole (reduce acid to get abomasum to heal)
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15
Q

what are the 4 types of abomasal ulcers?

A

type 1: erosion of mucosa that doesn’t involve mucosal basement membrane

type 2: non-perforating ulcer with severe intraluminal hemorrhage, melena

type 3: perforating, localized ulcer, guarded to poor outcome

type 4: perforating, severe diffuse ulcer, poor outcome

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16
Q

what are the risk factors for abomasal ulcers in calves?

A

trace mineral defieicnies, bac t agents (C. perfringens), stress, abrasive agents (hairballs), LDAs

17
Q

what are the C/S of abomasal ulcers in calves?

A

reduced motility of abomasumm, ventral abdominal distension, painful palpation of abdomen, bloat, melena, LDA –> calves w perforated gastric ulcers, 70% had Das

18
Q

how do you tx abomasal ulcers in calves?

A
  • sx (complicated, guarded to poor px)
  • ranitidine or cimetidine
  • pantoprazole
19
Q

what are ruminal drinkers?

A

failure of closure of esophageal groove or multiple feedings via stomach tube = reflux of milk from abomasum to rumen

created bac t fermentation
- lactose –> lactate –> ruminal and metabolic acidosis

20
Q

what does milk in the rumen cause?

A

ruminal and metabolic acidosis

hyperkeratotic parakeratosis and reticulorumenitis

21
Q

who is more at risk for being a ruminal drinker, dairy or beef?

A

dairy

22
Q

what are the C/S of a ruminal drinker?

A

reoccurring bloat, underconditioned/poor-doers, depressed, arched back, dehydration, U/S = see contents in rumen

23
Q

how do you tx a ruminal drinker?

A
  • feed smaller meals
  • nipple feeding > bucket feed (don’t bucket feed)
  • bicarb tx of ruminal acidosis
  • possibly early weaning
24
Q

normal navels in calves are dry by when?

A

48 hrs

25
Q

how do you maintain navels in calves?

A

iodine products to desiccate and disinfect

26
Q

what are the navel disorders?

A
  • umbilical remnant infection
  • uncomplicated hernia
  • hernia w SQ infection/abscess
  • hernia w umbilical remnant infection
  • umbilical abscess (body wall intact)
  • urachal cysts/ruptures
27
Q

what is umbilical eventration? what is the px?

A

prolapsed intestines through umbilicus

ok if caught early and no compromised intestines

poor if intestines ruptured or ischemic necrosis (purple)

28
Q

what is navel ill? how can you dx?

A

umbilical infection

navel scoring (0-3, with 0 being normal and 3 being super bad inflammation)

29
Q

what are the types of navel ill?

A

omphalitis; infection of umbilical structures outside body wall

omphalophlebititis: infection of umbilical vein

omphaloarteritis: infection of umbilical artery

urachitis: infection of the urachus

30
Q

navel ill is associated with..?

A

FTPI, contaminated environment, poor navel care

31
Q

what is the common etiology of navel ill?

A

bac t in origin

E. coli, T. pyogenes

32
Q

how do you tx umbilical remnant infection?

A

systemic Abx for longer period of time

ampicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur

33
Q

how do you tx umbilical abscess?

A

lance + drain, flush with disinfectant

34
Q

what is the most common congenital dz of cattle?

A

hernias

35
Q

what is the surgery called to fix herniAS?

A

herniorrhaphy

no way in hell am I going to memorize the steps to performing this

36
Q

how can you prevent hernias?

A

good colostrum mgmt, navel dipping, clean calving environment, hereditary, careful separation at time of c-section

540 (cow class) (32 decks)

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