Franks, Eastern Christians, Byzantines and the Latin West, c.1119-1149 (school)

Question 1

Which Christians were prominent in the county of Tripoli and the northernmost kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 1

Maronites

Question 2

Which Eastern Christians were numerous in the states of Antioch and Edessa?

Answer 2

Armenians

Question 3

Which followers of the Syrian Orthodox Church were on generally amicable terms with the Franks?

Answer 3

Jacobites

Question 4

Which ethnic group made up the majority of the population in the principality of Antioch?

Answer 4

Greeks

Question 5

Who had encouraged the migration of Christians of all types to his kingdom before 1118?

Answer 5

Baldwin I

Question 6

What did all non-Franks have to pay in the crusader states?

Answer 6

Poll Tax

Question 7

What were imposed upon Greek Orthodox priests?

Answer 7

Latin bishops

Question 8

When did John II succeed Alexius I as Byzantine emperor?

Answer 8

1118

Question 9

Who did John II fight against in Anatolia between 1130 and 1135?

Answer 9

Danishmends

Question 10

Which city along with Mamistra and Adana did John II reconquer from the Armenians in 1137?

Answer 10

Tarsus

Question 11

What did John II have to conquer to open up a land route to Antioch?

Answer 11

Cilicia

Question 12

Who formally acknowledged that he was John II’s vassal in 1137?

Answer 12

Raymond of Antioch

Question 13

Who did John II wish to assist the northern Franks against?

Answer 13

Zengi

Question 14

Which city along with Shaizar, Homs and Hama was Raymond to rule instead of Antioch?

Answer 14

Aleppo

Question 15

Which city did John II besiege with Raymond of Antioch and Joscelin of Edessa in 1138?

Answer 15

Shaizar

Question 16

Why did the siege of Shaizar fail in 1138?

Answer 16

Frankish sabotage

Question 17

Why was John II unable to remain in control of Antioch after 1138?

Answer 17

Internal revolt

Question 18

Whose death in 1143 prevented him from returning to assert his rights over Antioch?

Answer 18

John II

Question 19

Who was the Latin Patriarch of Antioch between 1135 and 1139?

Answer 19

Roger of Domfort

Question 20

Who was the Latin Patriarch of Antioch between 1139 and 1193?

Answer 20

Aimery of Limoges

Question 21

Which pope did the Franks of Outremer appeal to for aid following the Field of Blood?

Answer 21

Calixtus II

Question 22

Which Italian city-state responded to the request made for aid after the Field of Blood?

Answer 22

Venice

Question 23

When did the help sent from the Venetians after the Field of Blood arrive?

Answer 23

May 1123

Question 24

How many ships did the Venetians send to aid Outremer in 1122?

Answer 24

Seventy

Question 25

At which battle were the forces of Roger of Antioch annihilated in 1119?

Answer 25

Field of Blood

Question 26

Which Byzantine Island did the Venetian crusaders attempt to seize in 1122-23?

Answer 26

Corfu

Question 27

When did the help sent from the Venetians after the Field of Blood arrive?

Answer 27

May 1123

Question 28

One hundred and twenty of what were sent by Venetians to aid Outremer in 1122?

Answer 28

ships

Question 29

Who was captured in battle in 1122 and became a prisoner of Balak?

Answer 29

Joscelin I

Question 30

Who was captured in 1123 after coming north to look after the County of Edessa?

Answer 30

Baldwin II

Question 31

What did Bernard of Clairvaux write in 1129 in defence of the military orders?

Answer 31

In Praise of the New Chivalry

Question 32

Who did Constance of Antioch marry in 1136 to bring new leadership and manpower?

Answer 32

Raymond of Poitiers

Question 33

Why was the county of Edessa geographically vulnerable to attack?

Answer 33

physically remote

Question 34

Which type of European aid rarely came to Edessa?

Answer 34

Pilgrims

Question 35

Which daughter of Baldwin II married Fulk in 1129 to bring new leadership and aid?

Answer 35

Melisende

Question 36

Where did the count of Edessa often live (far away from Edessa itself)?

Answer 36

Turbessel

Question 37

Which king of Jerusalem died in 1143 leaving a child to succeed him?

Answer 37

Fulk

Question 38

Which crusader state was slow to respond to Edessa's plight because its king was young?

Answer 38

Jerusalem

Question 39

Who was the new king of Jerusalem from 1143?

Answer 39

Baldwin III

Question 40

Which state’s ruler had Joscelin II of Edessa fallen out with before 1144?

Answer 40

Antioch

Question 41

Which Byzantine emperor's support and overlordship had Antioch and Edessa undermined?

Answer 41

John II

Question 42

Which Muslim ruler had united Mosul and Aleppo under his rule by the 1130s?

Answer 42

Zengi

Question 43

Which rivals dynasty opposed to Zengi had Joscelin II allied himself with?

Answer 43

Artuqids

Question 44

What did Zengi use to undermine the walls of Edessa in December 1144?

Answer 44

sappers

Question 45

Why had interest in crusading generally declined before 1144?

Answer 45

Failure of the 1101 crusade

Question 46

What had Louis VII planned before the fall of Edessa in 1144?

Answer 46

Pilgrimage to Jerusalem

Question 47

What was offered to crusaders by the papal bull for the Second Crusade?

Answer 47

Remittance of sins

Question 48

What increased feudal obligation as a possible motivation for Second crusaders?

Answer 48

Participation of kings

Question 49

How long was Bernard of Clairvaux’s preaching tour for the Second Crusade?

Answer 49

Seven months

Question 50

What economic consideration was promised by Eugenius III for Second crusaders?

Answer 50

Protection of possessions

Question 51

What was the name of the papal bull that launched the Second Crusade?

Answer 51

Quantum Praedecessores

Question 52

Who did Bernard inspire to participate in the Second Crusade when he was in Germany?

Answer 52

Conrad III

Question 53

What was Bernard keen to suppress during his preaching of the Second Crusade?

Answer 53

Anti-Semitism

Question 54

Which brother of Louis VII had died before fulfilling his crusading oath?

Answer 54

Philip

Question 55

Which city’s capture prompted the Eugenius II to issue a call to crusade?

Answer 55

Edessa

Question 56

When was Quantum Praedecessores issued launching the Second Crusade?

Answer 56

December 1145

Question 57

Which French church had Louis VII been excommunicated for burning down in 1142?

Answer 57

Vitry

Question 58

How did Bernard refer to those given the ‘opportunity’ to go on the Second Crusade?

Answer 58

The 'Lucky Generation'

Question 59

What did Conrad III hope to assert on the Second Crusade?

Answer 59

Imperial authority

Question 60

What made knights want to be as heroic as their ancestors on the First Crusade?

Answer 60

social pressure

Question 61

Which pope called for a Second Crusade in December 1145?

Answer 61

Eugenius III

Question 62

Who did pope Eugenius III recruit to preach the Second Crusade?

Answer 62

Bernard of Clairvaux

Question 63

Which Seljuk Sultan of Rum’s forces defeated the German Second Crusade at 2nd Dorylaeum in October 1147?

Answer 63

Masud

Question 64

Where did an alliance of Masud of Rum and the Danishmends defeat the French Second Crusaders in January 1148?

Answer 64

Mount Cadmus

Question 65

Which French crusader did Louis VII and Conrad III want to rule Damascus after its expected capture?

Answer 65

Thierry of Flanders

Question 66

Which Frankish baron did the Franks of the Kingdom of Jerusalem want to rule Damascus after its expected capture?

Answer 66

Guy Brisbarre