Why were the Military Orders Established? Flashcards
what are 3 main reasons why the military orders were established?
- necessity of Religious Role in Outremer
- Military Needs of the Crusader States
- Fulfilled the Needs of Lay Piety
what religious role did the military orders play in outremer?
Pilgrims needed to be protected and treated when sick; although the Franks had conquered some of the land, they were very much in a minority especially as pilgrims were traditionally unarmed which could make them tempting targets
why did pilgrims in outremer need to be protected?
although the Franks had conquered some of the land, they were very much in a minority especially as pilgrims were traditionally unarmed which could make them tempting targets
how were the templars established?
1119: small band of knights, led by Hugh of Payns, dedicated themselves to protecting Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land
WHAT Was the original purpose of the knights templar?
to protect Christian pilgrims tin the Holy Land
where did the knights templar patrol?
patrolled the road from Jaffa to Jerusalem
who supported the templars in the early days, and how?
Baldwin II of Jerusalem gave them quarters in Jerusalem’s Aqsa mosque, which the Franks called the Temple of Solomon
what did the franks call the aqsa mosque?
the temple of solomon
why were the hospitallers founded?
to care for pilgrims and the sick in the Holy Land
how did the templars inspire the older hospitallers?
inspired them to reorganise as a military orderwh
what hospital did the hospitallers run?
ran the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem
what had the European monastic reform movement demonstrated?
the success of well organised religious orders with defined hierarchical structures so using a similar model to provide a religious role in Outremer seemed sensible
how did the european monastic reform movement inspire the military orders?
it had demonstrated the success of well organised religious orders with defined hierarchical structures so using a similar model to provide a religious role in Outremer seemed sensible
give an example of a group who was part of the european monastic reform movement?
the cistercians
what did the Religious role of Templars as virtuous knights who fought for god gained the support of?
prominent churchmen, especially Bernard of Clairvaux
how did bernard of clairvaux support the templars?
1130: Bernard of Clairvaux composed a treatise - In Praise of the New Knighthood - extolling the virtues of the Templars’ way of life
why was there a military need for the military orders?
to aid the Franks of Outremer; massacres of pilgrims and huge defeat at Field of Blood 1119 emphasised this
why were the military orders helpful to outremer militaryolyy?
Crusader states suffered from a lack of manpower; were always heavily outnumbered and surrounded by hostile neighbours
which ‘hostile nieghbours’ surrounded outremer?
After the 1st crusade, their enemies were: Shia Fatimids in Egypts, Seljuk Turks in Syria, byzantines in Antolia
why, when there were lesser crusades and italian city states, were military orders still needed/
some lesser crusades and support from Italian city states were of some help but were not always reliable and a more permanent, experienced military force was clearly needed
how did the templars and hospitallers fulfill the need for a permanent, experienced military force?
they recruited experienced knights into their standing armies and garrisoned castles.
how do the Foundations of the military orders reflect the trends in European society at the time?
lay piety was growing and there was a need to find ways to express this
how could lay piety be expressed?
through religiously sanctioned violence or through charitable organisations dedicated to the poor
what had influenced the acceptance of the Idea of religiously sanctioned and directed violence as a solution to the knightly dilemma?
the success of the First Crusade (although it had been developing earlier in Spain and Sicily)
what did the Templars’ foundation as a religious order with a military role solve?
the dilemma of many pious knights
how did the templars and hospitallers help pious knights?
solved their knightly dilemma and provided them with an accepted and useful outlet for their skills
what does the fact that Both Templars and Hospitallers became very popular in W. Europe and grew rapidly demonstrate?
that they fulfilled a need of W. Christians to contribute
