European Aid and Assistance 1100-1131 Flashcards
why did the Leaders of new crusader states need to gain control of Levantine coast?
without it, there was little chance of them receiving reinforcements from Europe that would enable them to permanently establish themselves
why did the Franks need such assistance from the Italian city states, especially with fleets?
Franks lacked a coherent navy and the only nearby Christian power with one was Byzantium, which they were now on very poor terms with
why did the Italian city states have such large fleets?
they had long traded through the Mediterranean
why were the Italian city states to eager to help the Franks?
they were in competition with each other and were eager to assist the Franks in return for trade privileges
what is a limitation to the aid and support the Italian city states provided for Outremer?
City-states operated mostly out of a desire to increase their own trade and profits so extracted heavy concessions from rulers of Crusader states in return for their aid
how did Pisa aid Outremer?
1100: Pisa aided the attempt to conquer Lattakieh for the Principality of Antioch
how did Genoa aid Outremer?
- 1101: Genoa aided in the conquest of Arsuf and Caesarea for the Kingdom of Jerusalem
- 1102: Genoa helped to capture Tortosa for the County of Tripoli
- 1103: Genoa helped to capture Jebail for the County of Tripoli and aids the capture of Lattakieh for the Principality of Antioch
- 1104: Genoa aided in the conquest of Acre for the Kingdom of Jerusalem
- 1109: Genoese and Provencal fleets aided the capture of Tripoli for the County of Tripoli
how did Provencal aid Outremer?
1109: Genoese and Provencal fleets aided the capture of Tripoli for the County of Tripoli
how did Venice aid Outremer?
- 1110: Venice aided the capture of Sidon for the Kingdom of Jerusalem
- 1124: Venice aided in the capture of Tyre for the Kingdom of Jerusalem
where did Pisa aid Antioch in 1100?
at the attempt to conquer Lattakieh
which crusader state did Pisa aid at Lattakieh 1100?
Antioch
where did Genoa aid Jerusalem in 1101?
at the conquest of Arsuf and Caesarea
which crusader state did Genoa aid at Arsuf and Caesarea in 1101?
Jerusalem
where did Genoa aid Tripoli in 1102?
to help capture Tortosa
which crusader state did Genoa aid at Tortosa in 1102?
Tripoli
where did Genoa help Tripoli to capture in 1103?
Jebail;
where did Genoa aid Antioch in the capture of in 1103?
Lattakieh
which crusader state did Genoa aid at Jebail in 1103?
Tripoli
which crusader state did Genoa aid at Lattakieh in 1103?
Antioch
which city state aided Antioch at Lattakieh in 1100?
Pisa
which city state aided Jerusalem at Arsuf and Caesarea in 1101?
Genoa
which city state aided tripoli at tortosa in 1102?
genoa
which city state aided Tripoli at Jebail in 1103?
genoa
which city state aided Antioch at Lattakieh in 1103?
genoa
which city state aided jerusalem at acre in 1104?
genoa
which city state aided tripoli at tripoli in 1109?
genoa and provencal
which city state aided jerusalem at sidon in 1110?
venice
which city state aided jerusalem at tyre in 1124?
venice
which crusader state did Genoa aid at acre in 1104?
jerusalem
which crusader state did Genoa aid at tripoli in 1109?
tripoli
which crusader state did venice aid at sidon in 1110?
jerusalem
which crusader state did venice aid at tyre in 1124?
jerusalem
where did Genoa aid Jerusalem in the capture of in 1104?
acre
where did Genoa and provencal aid tripoli in the capture of in 1109?
tripoli
where did venice aid jerusalem in the capture of in 1110?
sidon
where did venice aid jerusalem in the capture of in 1124?
tyre
summarise the 1101 crusade
internally divided force largely destroyed by the Turks of Anatolia.
what was the norwegian crusade 1107-1110?
King Sigurd led a Norwegian contingent in support of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
what was the outcome of the 1101 crusade?
- A small number of crusaders made it to Jerusalem
- They were of some limited aid to Baldwin I and fought with him in his early battles with the Fatimids
who were the 1101 crusaders of limited aid to?
baldwin i
why was the norwegian crusade noteworthy?
led by the first european king to go on crusade
what was King Sigurd’s nickname?
His crusader feats earned him the nickname ‘Jorsalafari’ (Jerusalem-farer)
how did the Norwegian crusade aid outremer?
Dec 1110: Worked with Baldwin I of Jerusalem to capture the coastal city of Sidon
what are the 3 main ways europe assisted outremer 1100-1131?
- italian city-states
- minor crusades
- military orders
which minor crusades occurred 1100-1119?
- 1101 crusade
- norwegian crusade 1107-1110
which minor crusades occured 1119-1131?
- Venetian crusade 1122-24
- damascus crusade 1129
why was the venetian crusade sent?
in response to a request for aid from King Baldwin II of Jerusalem, Pope Calixtus II asked the Venetians to crusade
who approved the damascus crusade?
possibly indirectly approved by the pope at the Council of Troyes January 1129
what were the successes of the venetian crusade 1122-24?
- Defeated a Fatimid fleet
- 1124: captured Tyre
what was a success of the dmaascus crusade 1129?
resulted in the capture of Banias, a town on the road between Tyre and Damascus
what did the damascus crusade aim and fail to do?
Failed to capture Damascus
which military order was founded in 1119?
templars
which military order was militarised in 1131?
the hospitallers
whose needs did the military orders emerge to fit?
the medieval knight, the church, and the frontier societies of Latin Christendom
WHAT VITAL ROLE DID THE hOSPITALLERS PLAY IN OUTREMER?
medical role in the Holy Land, assisting sick pilgrims
how did the military orders become so popular?
Many European nobles and knights joined the orders
what did the milotary orders receive when european nobles and knights joined?
When they took the traditional monastic oaths of poverty, many of their lands in W. Europe were brought under the control of the order as donations
what did the military orders use their lands and holdings in the west to do?
to raise money to spend in the Holy Land on the defence of pilgrims and the construction of castles
why did the templars rapidly expand in the latin west?
due to powerful patrons prepared to promote them
who was one of the first nobles to support the templars?
fulk of anjou
how did fulk of anjou support the templars as a patron?
he joined them while on pilgrimage 1120 and established regular donations to them when he returned to France
what presitigious event did hugh de payns attend?
Hugh de Payns was able to attend the Council of Troyes as, in the autumn of 1127, he had been sent to the Latin West by Baldwin II who saw him as a recruitment tool for his planned attack on Damascus - Templars participated in 1129 Damascus Crusade
why was hugh de payns able to attend the council of troyes?
in the autumn of 1127, he had been sent to the Latin West by Baldwin II who saw him as a recruitment tool for his planned attack on Damascus - Templars participated in 1129 Damascus Crusade
why had huigh de payns been sent to the latin west in austumn 1127 by baldwin ii?
he saw him as a recruitment tool for his planned attack on Damascus
where did hugh de payns travel in the latin west?
Hugh travelled through France, England, and Scotland
what are some limitations to the aid the military orders were able to provide 1100-1131?
- Military orders were exempt from most taxation and were answerable only to the pope - made them independent from the rulers of the crusader states and therefore potentially difficult to direct/possibly liability in certain circumstances
- both orders were only established at the end of this time period and were therefore very small at this point
why was it not helpful that Military orders were exempt from most taxation and were answerable only to the pope ?
it made them independent from the rulers of the crusader states and therefore potentially difficult to direct/possibly liability in certain circumstances
