FOM 7.4.2

Question 1

What are the main components of the CNS?

Answer 1

Cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord

Question 2

What are the main components of the PNS?

Answer 2

Sensory ganglia, sensory nerves, somatic motor, and autonomic motor

Question 3

What are ganglia?

Answer 3

Local accumulations of nerve cell bodies and supporting cells

Question 4

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

Answer 4

primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)

Question 5

What is the role of the parietal lobe ?

Answer 5

primary somatosensory complex (postcentral gyrus)

Question 6

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

Answer 6

Visual

Question 7

What is the role of temporal lobe?

Answer 7

Auditory

Question 8

What are substantia nigra?

Answer 8

Nucleus of the midbrain - compact accumulation of neurons having roughly similar connections and functions

Question 9

What is a common characteristic of parkinsons?

Answer 9

absence of substantia nigra

Question 10

What is corticol grey matter in the brain?

Answer 10

It is peripheral and is an accumulation of cell bodies and neurophil in the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

What is white matter in the brain?

Answer 11

centrally located axon tracts

Question 12

What is the basic process during MS?

Answer 12

demyelinated plaque formations

Question 13

What is in the first layer of grey matter?

Answer 13

Neurophils

Question 14

What is in layer 2 and 3 of grey matter?

Answer 14

Primary corticocortical connections

Question 15

What is in layer 4 or grey matter?

Answer 15

Major source of stellate neurons and major sense relay from periphery

Question 16

What is in layer 5 and 6 of grey matter?

Answer 16

pyramidal neurons whose axons can leave the cortex

Question 17

What is the purpose of the cerebellum?

Answer 17

Balance and coordination Think Michael Jordan has THE BEST cerebellum

Question 18

What is the purpose of the posterior funiculus?

Answer 18

Pressure; propioreception; touch and vibration

Question 19

What is the role of the cortical spinal tracts?

Answer 19

Upper motor neuron to lower motor neuron

Question 20

How does ALS affect nerves?

Answer 20

It damages nerves in the upper and lower motors. Leads to loss of function

Question 21

What is the cell on the left and what is the cell on the right?

Answer 21

Left - pyramidal cell

RIght - Interneuron

Question 22

Whati is the role of the dendrite?

Answer 22

Input of signal

Question 23

What does the cell body do?

Answer 23

Integration of the signal

Question 24

What does the axon do?

Answer 24

Integrate the signal

Question 25

What is the role of the synapse?

Answer 25

Output of signal

Question 26

What are important CNS glial cells?

Answer 26

Astrocytes (probably more but there wants anything else said about others)

Question 27

Describe protoplasmic astrocytes?

Answer 27

prominent in grey matter with wavy and fluffy processes

Question 28

What is a fibrous astrocyte?

Answer 28

Prominent in white matter and have fine long processes

Question 29

Describe the formation of the blood brain barrier

Answer 29

Astrocytes induce formation of the blood brain barrier by inducing endothelial cells to express tight junction proteins (zonula occludens)

Question 30

What is the pia mater?

Answer 30

Connective tissue on top of the brain and spinal cord

Question 31

What is the arachnoid?

Answer 31

connective tissue and elongated fibroblasts

Question 32

What is important about the subarachnoid space?

Answer 32

Cerebrospinal fluid is running here

Question 33

What is the dura mater composed of?

Answer 33

Dense connective tissue

Question 34

What are each of these arrows pointing to?

Answer 34

Top to bottom Dendrite, cell body, axon and synapse

Question 35

What are each of these bracket representing?

Answer 35

Top to bottom Dura mater, subarachnoid space, arachnoid, and pia mater

Question 36

Where is the cerebrospinal fluid produced?

Answer 36

choroid plexus

Question 37

What is the ventricular system?

Answer 37

interconnected fluid filled spaces that lie in the forebrain and brain stem. 4th ventricle narrows to form brainstem

Question 38

The sympathetic nervous system is what?

Answer 38

The flight or fight response, has thoracic innervation

Question 39

Where are preganglionic neurons located in the sympathetic system?

Answer 39

In the thoracic spinal cord

Question 40

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 40

Rest and digest

Question 41

Preganglionic neurons are locate where in the parasympathetic response?

Answer 41

In the brainstem and sacral spinal cord

Question 42

What is this a picture of?

Answer 42

sympathetic ganglia

Question 43

What is the enteric nervous system?

Answer 43

small ganglia scattered throughout the wall of the gut

Question 44

What are the layers of the periperial from inside to out?

Answer 44

Endoneurium - Perineurium - Epineurium

Question 45

What is wallerian degeneration?

Answer 45

Rapid degeneration after peripherial injury

Question 46

Diabetes can cause damage to what two small vasculature areas?

Answer 46

Retinopathy - eye Peripherial neuropathy - feet mainly

Question 47

What is charcot - marie - tooth disease?

Answer 47

Peripherial neuropathy from defect in P22 gene