FOM 7.4.2 Flashcards
What are the main components of the CNS?
Cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord
What are the main components of the PNS?
Sensory ganglia, sensory nerves, somatic motor, and autonomic motor
What are ganglia?
Local accumulations of nerve cell bodies and supporting cells
What is the role of the frontal lobe?
primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
What is the role of the parietal lobe ?
primary somatosensory complex (postcentral gyrus)
What is the role of the occipital lobe?
Visual
What is the role of temporal lobe?
Auditory
What are substantia nigra?
Nucleus of the midbrain - compact accumulation of neurons having roughly similar connections and functions
What is a common characteristic of parkinsons?
absence of substantia nigra
What is corticol grey matter in the brain?
It is peripheral and is an accumulation of cell bodies and neurophil in the brain and spinal cord
What is white matter in the brain?
centrally located axon tracts
What is the basic process during MS?
demyelinated plaque formations
What is in the first layer of grey matter?
Neurophils
What is in layer 2 and 3 of grey matter?
Primary corticocortical connections
What is in layer 4 or grey matter?
Major source of stellate neurons and major sense relay from periphery
What is in layer 5 and 6 of grey matter?
pyramidal neurons whose axons can leave the cortex
What is the purpose of the cerebellum?
Balance and coordination Think Michael Jordan has THE BEST cerebellum
What is the purpose of the posterior funiculus?
Pressure; propioreception; touch and vibration
What is the role of the cortical spinal tracts?
Upper motor neuron to lower motor neuron
How does ALS affect nerves?
It damages nerves in the upper and lower motors. Leads to loss of function
What is the cell on the left and what is the cell on the right?
Left - pyramidal cell
RIght - Interneuron
Whati is the role of the dendrite?
Input of signal
What does the cell body do?
Integration of the signal
What does the axon do?
Integrate the signal
What is the role of the synapse?
Output of signal
What are important CNS glial cells?
Astrocytes (probably more but there wants anything else said about others)
Describe protoplasmic astrocytes?
prominent in grey matter with wavy and fluffy processes
What is a fibrous astrocyte?
Prominent in white matter and have fine long processes
Describe the formation of the blood brain barrier
Astrocytes induce formation of the blood brain barrier by inducing endothelial cells to express tight junction proteins (zonula occludens)
What is the pia mater?
Connective tissue on top of the brain and spinal cord
What is the arachnoid?
connective tissue and elongated fibroblasts
What is important about the subarachnoid space?
Cerebrospinal fluid is running here
What is the dura mater composed of?
Dense connective tissue
What are each of these arrows pointing to?
Top to bottom
Dendrite, cell body, axon and synapse
What are each of these bracket representing?
Top to bottom
Dura mater, subarachnoid space, arachnoid, and pia mater
Where is the cerebrospinal fluid produced?
choroid plexus
What is the ventricular system?
interconnected fluid filled spaces that lie in the forebrain and brain stem. 4th ventricle narrows to form brainstem
The sympathetic nervous system is what?
The flight or fight response, has thoracic innervation
Where are preganglionic neurons located in the sympathetic system?
In the thoracic spinal cord
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
Rest and digest
Preganglionic neurons are locate where in the parasympathetic response?
In the brainstem and sacral spinal cord
What is this a picture of?
sympathetic ganglia
What is the enteric nervous system?
small ganglia scattered throughout the wall of the gut
What are the layers of the periperial from inside to out?
Endoneurium - Perineurium - Epineurium
What is wallerian degeneration?
Rapid degeneration after peripherial injury
Diabetes can cause damage to what two small vasculature areas?
Retinopathy - eye
Peripherial neuropathy - feet mainly
What is charcot - marie - tooth disease?
Peripherial neuropathy from defect in P22 gene
