FOM 3.5.2 Flashcards
What are the essential amino acids?
P - phenylalanine V - valine T - tryptophan T - threonine I - isoleucine M - methionine H - histidine A - arginine L - leucine L - lysine
Is the list of essential nutrients the same for most mammals?
No, some cause have trouble synthesizing a specific molecule and must get it from diet
What are the two classes of fatty acids that are considered essential?
Omega 3 and Omega 6
Despite arginine being in the Urea cycle, is it still an essential amino acid?
Yes it is still essential
Is it more advantageous to obtain a compound through diet or to make it?
Diet
Which source of energy has the shortest duration and which has the longest?
- ATP
- Phosphocreatine
- Anaerobic metabolism
- Phosphocreatine
What energy storage is used within the first 12 hours?
Glycogen stores
What type of vitamins can be stored in the body and which cant?
Water soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the body and fat soluble vitamins can be.
What is a cofactor involved in amino acid transamination?
Pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6)
What puts the N in NADH?
Niacin
What is a result of high amounts of alcohol metabolism?
It takes up available NAD+ and makes it NADH which then can lead to an inhibition of the TCA cycle and inhibition of beta-oxidation. Fatty acids are sent to the liver to help with energy needs, but are not being broken down through Beta-oxidation and thus lead to a fatty liver.
In regards to alcohol metabolism can having a shortage of NAD+ be harmful?
Yes, it can lead to a build up of Acetic acid or acetaldehyde
What can a thiamin deficiency becaused by?
Vitamin B deficiencies can be caused by diet high in refined sugars, and diets that include excessive alcohol intake
What are the water soluble vitamins and what do they do?
What are the fat soluble vitamins and what do they do?
What are some problems associated with vitamin D intoxication?
Promotes excessive bone reabsorption of calcium, reducing calcium available for other functions.
What are the two divalent cation’s that are used and what is the difference between them?
Magnesium
- Most abundant divalent cation
- Magnesium is less stable
- Binding Mg 2+ is typically flexible with one or two side Asp/Glu residues coordinating the metal
Zinc
- Kept at a low concentration
- Very selective co-enzyme
- More rigid
What is the ultimate fate of lactate if it is not excreted?
Conversion back to pyruvate which is used to build more glucose or enters the mitochondria for further oxidation
What is the main product of alcohol metabolism?
Acetyl-CoA
What is the role of uncoupling proteins in the mitochondria?
What is the role of vitamin B6 in amino acid metabolism?
It binds to the nitrogen group to bring it to the next carbon unit.
