FOM 6.2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are each of these on the histological slide?

A

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

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2
Q

What are the cell types in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes - epidermal skin cells

Merkel cells - tactile receptors

Langerhans cells - macrophages

Melanocytes - derived from neural crest cells

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3
Q

What are each of these cell layers?

A

Top to bottom

Stratum corneum, lucidium, granulosum, spinosum, and basale

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4
Q

What is the underlying etiology of psoriasis?

A

Infiltrating immune cells synthesize and release cytokines that signa; proliferation and thus lead to a reduced length of cell cycle. Turnover is reduced to three to four days.

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5
Q

Answer the following

A

D - Cytokines from infiltrating lymphocytes

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6
Q

What is filaggrin?

A

It induces the aggregation of keratins

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7
Q

What is are lamellar bodies?

A

The place where lipids form

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8
Q

The formation of the water barrier is cause by what?

A
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9
Q

What is lamellar ichthyosis caused by?

A

A mutation in the TGM 1 gene which leads to a defective transglutaminase protein.

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10
Q

What would you find in dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Autoantibodies to transglutaminase, a gluten intolerance and IgA deposits

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11
Q

What is a melanocyte?

A

It originates from the neural crest and it creates melanosome that travel to the nearby keratinocyte.

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12
Q

What is a langerhans cell?

A

It is a peripheral dendritic cell that presents antigens to the immune complex.

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13
Q

What is a merkel cell?

A

These are tactile mechanoreceptors that associate with the basal lamina. It has a short axon

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14
Q

What is the target antigen of pemphigus vulgaris?

A

The target antigen for pemphigus vulgaris is desmoglein (DSG) 3

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15
Q

Pemphigus foliacues has autoantibodies to what?

A

DSG1

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16
Q

Moving from the base to surface what is happening to the level of DSG3? DSG1?

A

The levels of Dsg3 is decreasing moving from base to top

The levels of Dsg1 is increasing from the base to the top

17
Q

What are the two types of pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Musous membrane dominant - anti DSG-3

Mucocutanous - anti-DSG 1 and DSG 3

18
Q

What is the levels of Dsg1 in the mucous membrane?

A

It is almost non existant

19
Q

This histological slide is indicative of what disease?

A

This is pemphigus vulgaris. The mucosal epithelial damage is more severe owing to a lack of compensation by the weakly expressed DSG-1.

20
Q

Mucocutaneous pemphigus vulgaris has autoantibodies against what?

A

It has autoantibodies for Dsg1 and Dsg3

21
Q

What is this a picture of

A

Pemphigus foliaceus anti-DSG1 antibodies produce blister formation in the upper epidermis, because the remaining DSG3 can maintain cell–cell adhesion in the lower epidermis; there are no blister formations on the mucous membranes, because the remaining DSG3 can completely maintain cell–cell adhesion of the mucosal epithelium

22
Q

What are the main characterics to know about the hair follicle?

A

The external root sheath is continuous with the stratum basale

The internal root sheath surrounds the hair shaft

Depmal papilae are a reservoir of stem cells

23
Q

What are the three “gen” terms associated with hair growth and what do they mean?

A

Anagen - growth phase

Catagen - intermediate/regression

Telogen - rest/shedding

24
Q

What is the type of secretion that sebaceous glands go through?

A

Holocrine secretion

25
Q

What are the two types of secretion sweat glads do?

A

There are two general types, eccrine and apocrine. Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands are long tubular extensions from the epidermis which coil into a ball-shaped mass in the dermis or hypodermis. Apocrine glands are in the axilla, perianal and pubic areas, scrotum, labia majora and around the nipples. They lie in the subcutaneous tissue and their ducts terminate in hair follicles.

26
Q

What is the meissner and pacinian corpuscle?

A

Meissner - tactile receptor

Paninian - sensitive to pressure

27
Q

Compare first and second intention healing

A

First intention healing involves clotting, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages,
and fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells

Second intention - fibroblasts are myofibroblasts

28
Q

What are the two types of mechanisms for tissue repair in the skin?

A

Mechanisms of tissue repair: regeneration and scar formation. Following mild injury, which damages the epithelium but not the underlying tissue, resolution occurs by regeneration, but after more severe injury with damage to the connective tissue, repair is by scar formation

29
Q

What is the basis of skin grafting?

A

Take a piece of skin for somewhere else, put a bunch of little tiny holes in it and put it somewhere else. It can also depend on the thickness of tissue needed. Thick skin vs thin skin.

30
Q

What is the importance of the stratum basale?

A

It is the source of the stem cells after injury to the skin