FOM 2.4.1

Question 1

What the two types of fibers in connective tissue?

Answer 1

collagen, elastin

Question 2

Describe how connective tissue can be broken down & classified.

Answer 2

Enter chart!

Question 3

Name the three types of fibroblasts and where they’re found.

Answer 3

Chondroblast - cartilage Osteoblast - bone Odontoblast - teeth

Question 4

What are the two resident cells in connective tissue?

Answer 4

Fibroblasts, adipocytes

Question 5

Name the 4 collagen types and their defining characteristics.

Answer 5

I: fibers; skin, bone, ubiquitous II: network of fibrils; hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage III: fibers, reticular fibers IV: networks (no fibers); basement membranes

Question 6

What is released by fibroblasts?

Answer 6

either single alpha chain or procollagen (triple helix w/ loose ends)

Question 7

What cleaves the loose end of procollagen to form collagen?

Answer 7

Peptidase

Question 8

What are two effects of lysyl oxidase (LOX)?

Answer 8

Creating cross links -> making bridges and condensing chains

Question 9

What are the four levels of organization in collagen?

Answer 9

alpha chains, collagen molecules, collagen fibrils, and collagen fibers

Question 10

What is the collagen makeup of tendons?

Answer 10

Dense, regular type I collagen

Question 11

What is the collagen makeup of skin?

Answer 11

Dense, irregular type I collagen

Question 12

What are the three main substituents of ground substance?

Answer 12

glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, water

Question 13

What type of collagen composes reticular fibers?

Answer 13

type III

Question 14

What is/isn’t seen in H&E vs. Silver staining?

Answer 14

H&E: Type I shows, Type III doesn’t Silver: Type III shows, Type I doesn’t

Question 15

Name the 4 components of elastic fibers.

Answer 15

Tropoelastin, Fibrillin I & II, & microfibril associated glycoprotein (MAGP)

Question 16

What enzyme peforms the same action as LOX for elastin?

Answer 16

Trick question, LOX

Question 17

Identify the three types of lamina in the basement membrane.

Answer 17

PIC rara, densa, reticularis

Question 18

What is the lamina rara composed of?

Answer 18

laminin network

Question 19

What is the basal lamina composed of?

Answer 19

laminin network & type IV collagen

Question 20

What sequesters growth factors?

Answer 20

Proteoglycan GAG chains

Question 21

In diabetics, what happens to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM)?

Answer 21

It progressively thickens

Question 22

What type of collagen is present in hyaline & elastic cartilage?

Answer 22

Type II

Question 23

What are the 4 S’s of connective tissue?

Answer 23

Support, Storage, Signaling, Sifting

Question 24

Name what each of the arrows is coming from

Answer 24

Epithelial cells

Basement membrane

Endothelium lining capillary

Connective tissue with interstitial matrix

Fibroblast

Question 25

Type 1 collagen is primarily found in?

Answer 25

Fibers; skin, bone, ubquitous

Question 26

Type 2 cartilage is found as what and where?

Answer 26

Networks of fibrils; hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage

Question 27

Type 3 collages is found as what and where?

Answer 27

Fibers; reticular fibers

Question 28

Type 4 collagen is found as what and where?

Answer 28

Networks (no fibers); basement membranes

Question 29

What is this a picture of?

Answer 29

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 30

What types of collagen are the lamina densa and the lamina reticularis composed of respectively? What is also found throughout the basement membrane? What is the lamina lucidia primarily composed of?

Answer 30

The lamina densa is made up of type 4 collagen and the reticularis is made of type 3. Ground substance is found all throughout the basement membrane. The lamina lucidia is primarily composed of laminin.

Question 31

What is a major difference between type 1 and type 4 collagen?

Answer 31

Type 1 collagen has the NC1 domain cleaved, while the type 4 uses it to bind with other type 4 molecules to for the meshwork.

Question 32

How does laminin get bound to collagen?

Answer 32

Entactin binds the two networks together!!

Question 33

What proteins provide the scaffolding for elastin?

Answer 33

Tropoelastin and fibrillin

Question 34

What is the process of collagen syntesis?

Answer 34

1. Translation of collagen alpha-chains (preprocollagen) 2. Hydroxylation of specific proline and lysine residues 3. glcosylation of pro-alpha-chains hydroxylysine residues and formation of procollagen (triple helix formation) -- problems with triple helix formation leads to osteogenesis imperfecta 4. Exocytosis of procollagen into extracellular space 5. Cleavage of disulfide rich terminal regions of procollagen leads to insoluble tropocollagen 6. Crosslinking - reinforcement of many staggered tropocollagen molecules making fibrils