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Foundations of Medicine > FOM 2.4.1 > Flashcards

FOM 2.4.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What the two types of fibers in connective tissue?

A

collagen, elastin

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2
Q

Describe how connective tissue can be broken down & classified.

A

Enter chart!

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3
Q

Name the three types of fibroblasts and where they’re found.

A

Chondroblast - cartilage Osteoblast - bone Odontoblast - teeth

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4
Q

What are the two resident cells in connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, adipocytes

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5
Q

Name the 4 collagen types and their defining characteristics.

A

I: fibers; skin, bone, ubiquitous II: network of fibrils; hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage III: fibers, reticular fibers IV: networks (no fibers); basement membranes

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6
Q

What is released by fibroblasts?

A

either single alpha chain or procollagen (triple helix w/ loose ends)

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7
Q

What cleaves the loose end of procollagen to form collagen?

A

Peptidase

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8
Q

What are two effects of lysyl oxidase (LOX)?

A

Creating cross links -> making bridges and condensing chains

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9
Q

What are the four levels of organization in collagen?

A

alpha chains, collagen molecules, collagen fibrils, and collagen fibers

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10
Q

What is the collagen makeup of tendons?

A

Dense, regular type I collagen

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11
Q

What is the collagen makeup of skin?

A

Dense, irregular type I collagen

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12
Q

What are the three main substituents of ground substance?

A

glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, water

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13
Q

What type of collagen composes reticular fibers?

A

type III

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14
Q

What is/isn’t seen in H&E vs. Silver staining?

A

H&E: Type I shows, Type III doesn’t Silver: Type III shows, Type I doesn’t

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15
Q

Name the 4 components of elastic fibers.

A

Tropoelastin, Fibrillin I & II, & microfibril associated glycoprotein (MAGP)

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16
Q

What enzyme peforms the same action as LOX for elastin?

A

Trick question, LOX

17
Q

Identify the three types of lamina in the basement membrane.

A

PIC rara, densa, reticularis

18
Q

What is the lamina rara composed of?

A

laminin network

19
Q

What is the basal lamina composed of?

A

laminin network & type IV collagen

20
Q

What sequesters growth factors?

A

Proteoglycan GAG chains

21
Q

In diabetics, what happens to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM)?

A

It progressively thickens

22
Q

What type of collagen is present in hyaline & elastic cartilage?

A

Type II

23
Q

What are the 4 S’s of connective tissue?

A

Support, Storage, Signaling, Sifting

24
Q

Name what each of the arrows is coming from

A

Epithelial cells

Basement membrane

Endothelium lining capillary

Connective tissue with interstitial matrix

Fibroblast

25
Q

Type 1 collagen is primarily found in?

A

Fibers; skin, bone, ubquitous

26
Q

Type 2 cartilage is found as what and where?

A

Networks of fibrils; hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage

27
Q

Type 3 collages is found as what and where?

A

Fibers; reticular fibers

28
Q

Type 4 collagen is found as what and where?

A

Networks (no fibers); basement membranes

29
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

30
Q

What types of collagen are the lamina densa and the lamina reticularis composed of respectively? What is also found throughout the basement membrane? What is the lamina lucidia primarily composed of?

A

The lamina densa is made up of type 4 collagen and the reticularis is made of type 3. Ground substance is found all throughout the basement membrane. The lamina lucidia is primarily composed of laminin.

31
Q

What is a major difference between type 1 and type 4 collagen?

A

Type 1 collagen has the NC1 domain cleaved, while the type 4 uses it to bind with other type 4 molecules to for the meshwork.

32
Q

How does laminin get bound to collagen?

A

Entactin binds the two networks together!!

33
Q

What proteins provide the scaffolding for elastin?

A

Tropoelastin and fibrillin

34
Q

What is the process of collagen syntesis?

A
  1. Translation of collagen alpha-chains (preprocollagen)
  2. Hydroxylation of specific proline and lysine residues
  3. glcosylation of pro-alpha-chains hydroxylysine residues and formation of procollagen (triple helix formation) – problems with triple helix formation leads to osteogenesis imperfecta
  4. Exocytosis of procollagen into extracellular space
  5. Cleavage of disulfide rich terminal regions of procollagen leads to insoluble tropocollagen
  6. Crosslinking - reinforcement of many staggered tropocollagen molecules making fibrils

Foundations of Medicine (79 decks)

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