FOM 3.3.2

Question 1

What are the two exposure-outcome relationships?

Answer 1

Frequency of exposure Ex: Proportion of population smoking vs not Frequenct of outcome Ex: Risk of aquiring lung cancer, incidence rate of chlamydia and median survival time after treatment

Question 2

What is the purpose of the exposure-outcome relationship?

Answer 2

Compare frequency between groups

Question 3

Studies with forward directionality can establish incidence how?

Answer 3

Cumulative incidence, incidence rate, hazard Risk ratio Relative risk difference Absolute risk difference

Question 4

Studies with backward directionality cannot do what, but what can they do?

Answer 4

Establish incidence. They can show odds of exposure and proportion exposed or odds ratio

Question 5

Can you calculate the odds ratio for the following problem?

Answer 5

Question 6

How can you interpret odds ratios?

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer the following question

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer this question?

Answer 8

D

Question 9

What is the confidence interval said to be?

Answer 9

At 95% CI provides a 95% certainty that the true effect estimate lies within that range

Question 10

What does the hazard function allow for?

Answer 10

Incidence rate to vary over time

Question 11

How do you calculate your relative risk reduction?

Answer 11

1 minus the relative risk

Question 12

How do you calculate absolute risk reduction?

Answer 12

Risk in unexposed - risk in exposed

Question 13

How do you calculate the absolute risk increase?

Answer 13

Risk in exposed - risk in unexposed

Question 14

How you calculate the number needed to treat?

Answer 14

Number needed to treat = 1/Absolute Risk Reduction

Question 15

How do you calculate the Number needed to harm?

Answer 15

1/absolute risk increase

Question 16

How do you calculate the Population attributable risk percent?

Answer 16

(Risk in population - risk exposed)/risk in population