Final exam 3-4

Question 1

the cells that facilitate communication within the nervous system.

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

branches at the end of neurons that receive signals from other neurons.

Answer 2

(dendrites

Question 3

the large central region of a neuron that performs the basic activities, including the production of energy, to keep the neuron functional.

Answer 3

, cell body(soma)

Question 4

the part of the neuron that carries information toward other neurons.

Answer 4

axon

Question 5

a protective sleeve of fatty material that surrounds the axon

Answer 5

myelin sheath

Question 6

a gap between two connecting neurons

Answer 6

Synapse

Question 7

the release, or firing, of an electrical impulse that travels through the axon. ( – Flow order through the neuron)

Answer 7

Action Potential

Question 8

chemical messengers that travel across synapses from one neuron to the next

Answer 8

Neurotransmitters

Question 9

• the brain and the spinal cord. All communication with the brain must move through the
• the neurons that connect the central nervous system to other parts of the body.

Answer 9

Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system

Question 10

.is the part of the peripheral nervous system that connects the central nervous system to the parts of the body you control voluntarily.
1.One you think about the other you dont

Answer 10

Somatic nervous system, Autonomic nervous system

Question 11

1. helps your body “turn up” in response to stressors by widening your pupils, increasing your heart rate, and increasing your breathing rate.
2. helps your body “turn down” when the stressors decrease by returning all of your body parts to their resting state.

Answer 11

Sympathetic nervous system, Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 12

the ability of the brain to adapt its structure or function in response to damage or experience.

Answer 12

Plasticity

Question 13

is the part of the brain that connects to the spine and controls the functions most essential to staying alive

Answer 13

Brainstem

Question 14

s to monitor and regulate motor behavior without any need for conscious awareness.

Answer 14

Cerebellum

Question 15

a transmits signals between the spinal cord and higher brain levels, as well as housing nuclei that are centers for the automatic and involuntary behaviors.

Answer 15

Medulla

Question 16

a cluster of brain areas involved primarily in emotion.: fleeing, fighting, feeding, and, um, sexual intercourse

Answer 16

Limbic System

Question 17

Is the part of the limbic system involved in maintaining steadiness in maintaining steadiness in bodily functions

Answer 17

Hypothalamus

Question 18

is the part of the limbic system involved in memory, especially spatial memory and long-term memory.

Answer 18

Hippocampus

Question 19

is the part of the limbic system involved most directly in emotion, especially fear.

Answer 19

Amygdala

Question 20

the brain’s main sensory processing center, located near the center of the brain. Directs the information you take in through your eyes, ears, mouth, and skin to other parts of your brain for further processing.

Answer 20

Thalamus

Question 21

Is the upper front part of the brain, which consists of two hemispheres and is involved in sophisticated, often uniquely human, abilities.

Answer 21

Cerebral Cortex

Question 22

Your left cerebral hemisphere is paired with the right half of your body, and your right cerebral hemisphere is paired with the left half of your body. The bundle of neurons that connects and allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres.

Answer 22

Left and Right Hemispheres

Question 23

1. is involved in complex thinking tasks, planning, and other advanced functions, most of which are unique to humans.
2. is involved in touch and perception.
3. is involved in hearing and speech production.
4. is involved in vision

Answer 23

1. frontal lobe
2. parietal lobe
3. temporal lobe
4. occipital lobe

Question 24

• the strip of brain matter near the back of the frontal lobe involved in voluntary movement.
• a strip of brain matter near the front of the parietal lobe involved in receiving information from the senses.

Answer 24

motor cortex and somatosensory cortex

Question 25

a way of processing information in which your expectations or previous experiences influence what you perceive.( when you sit at “your” table in your favorite old restaurant and order the usual from the server who knows you by name)

Answer 25

Top-down processing

Question 26

a way of processing information in which what you sense becomes a perception with no influence of expectations or previous experiences.(when you visit a new restaurant that features tastes, smells, sights, and sounds from a part of the world you’ve never seen)

Answer 26

Bottom-up processing

Question 27

the minimum level of a stimulus necessary for you to detect its presence at least half of the time

Answer 27

Absolute Threshold

Question 28

the smallest change in a stimulus necessary for you to detect it at least half of the time.

Answer 28

Difference Threshold

Question 29

the tendency of your sensation of a stimulus to decrease when the stimulus remains constant. Get use to your surrounding like getting use to snore .

Answer 29

Sensory Adaptation

Question 30

the ability of your brain to interpret the raw sensations it has taken in.is your brain’s ability to translate the sights, sounds, and smells into something meaningful or understandable.

Answer 30

. Perception

Question 31

paying more attention to one sensory channel than others.( Like focusing on your friend’s voice when they are talking.)

Answer 31

Selective attention

Question 32

your brain’s ability to maintain the same perception of an object even when conditions around it cause it to produce different sensations

Answer 32

Perceptual constancies

Question 33

a failure to notice changes in your visual field simply because you expect otherwise.( In a very short time, you could fail to see something important and potentially dangerous.)

Answer 33

Inattentional blindness

Question 34

the rear part of the eyeball that receives visual stimulation and sends it to the brain via the optic nerve.( a screen at the back of your eye.)

Answer 34

retina

Question 35

are receptor cells in the retina that detect shades of gray and allow us to see in low light

Answer 35

rods

Question 36

are receptor cells in the retina that detect color when light is plentiful.

Answer 36

cones

Question 37

an explanation of color vision based on the idea that your cones are specialized to sense either red, green, or blue.

Answer 37

Trichromatic Theory

Question 38

An explanation of color vision based on the idea that your visual system is specialized to sense specific opposite pairs of colors (like red-green or blue-yellow)

Answer 38

Opponent Process Theory

Question 39

a spiral fluid-filled structure in the inner ear that sends sound waves to the brain via the auditory nerve. Vibrations of cochlear fluid are the final step of hearing within the ear.

Answer 39

cochlea

Question 40

is your sense of smell.

Answer 40

Smell / Olfaction

Question 41

is your sense of taste

Answer 41

Taste / Gustation

Question 42

is your sense of the position and movement of your body parts

Answer 42

Kinesthetic

Question 43

your sense of balance.

Answer 43

Vestibular