Chapter 3

Question 1

is the ability of your sensory organs to pick up energy in the environment around you and transmit it to your brain

Answer 1

Sensation

Question 2

the minimum level of a stimulus necessary for you to detect its presence at least half of the time

Answer 2

absolute threshold

Question 3

the smallest change in a stimulus necessary for you to detect it at least half of the time.

Answer 3

difference threshold

Question 4

the controversial notion of perception without sensation.

Answer 4

Extrasensory Perception(ESP)

Question 5

the study of topics that fall outside the range of mainstream psychology.(psychological information that is not supported by science but may appear to be.)

Answer 5

parapsychology

Question 6

the tendency of your sensation of a stimulus to decrease when the stimulus remains constant. Get use to your surrounding like getting use to snore .

Answer 6

Sensory adaptation/Habituation

Question 7

your brain’s ability to maintain the same perception of an object even when conditions around it cause it to produce different sensations

Answer 7

perceptual constancy

Question 8

paying more attention to one sensory channel than others.( Like focusing on your friend’s voice when they are talking.)

Answer 8

Selective attention

Question 9

a failure to notice changes in your visual field simply because you expect otherwise.( In a very short time, you could fail to see something important and potentially dangerous.)

Answer 9

Change blindness/Inattentional blindness

Question 10

the ability of your brain to interpret the raw sensations it has taken in. is your brain’s ability to translate the sights, sounds, and smells into something meaningful or understandable.

Answer 10

Perception

Question 11

an organized whole that you perceive as different from just the sum of its parts.(when your eyes see these patterns of black on a white background, you form a gestalt of a soccer ball.)

Answer 11

Gestalt principles: figure-ground principle

Question 12

a way of processing information in which what you sense becomes a perception with no influence of expectations or previous experiences.(when you visit a new restaurant that features tastes, smells, sights, and sounds from a part of the world you’ve never seen)

Answer 12

Bottom-up processing

Question 13

a way of processing information in which your expectations or previous experiences influence what you perceive.( when you sit at “your” table in your favorite old restaurant and order the usual from the server who knows you by name)

Answer 13

Top-down processing

Question 14

the ability to see

Answer 14

Vision

Question 15

the rear part of the eyeball that receives visual stimulation and sends it to the brain via the optic nerve.( a screen at the back of your eye.)

Answer 15

retina

Question 16

sense of hearing

Answer 16

Audition

Question 17

are receptor cells in the retina that detect shades of gray and allow us to see in low light

Answer 17

rods

Question 18

are receptor cells in the retina that detect color when light is plentiful. c=color

Answer 18

cones

Question 19

is your ability to judge the distance and depth of objects.

Answer 19

Depth perception

Question 20

qualities of visual stimuli that indicate depth when you use both eyes. help us when we look at things in three dimensions

Answer 20

binocular depth cues

Question 21

qualities of visual stimuli that indicate depth when you use only one eye.( helps us see how big two things are in comparison to each other)

Answer 21

monocular depth cues

Question 22

the color of light, as determined by its wavelength

Answer 22

wavelength/color (hue)

Question 23

an explanation of color vision based on the idea that your cones are specialized to sense either red, green, or blue.

Answer 23

Trichromatic theory

Question 24

An explanation of color vision based on the idea that your visual system is specialized to sense specific opposite pairs of colors (like red–green or blue–yellow)

Answer 24

opponent-process theory

Question 25

a spiral fluid-filled structure in the inner ear that sends sound waves to the brain via the auditory nerve. Vibrations of blank are the final step of hearing within the ear.

Answer 25

cochlea

Question 26

is the description of how “high” or “low” a sound is

Answer 26

wavelength/pitch

Question 27

She is probably best-known for her work on colour vision. she developed the Ladd-Franklin theory, which emphasized the evolutionary development of increased differentiation in colour vision and assumed a photochemical model for the visual system.

Answer 27

Christine Ladd-Franklin, Ph.D.

Question 28

is your sense of smell.

Answer 28

olfaction

Question 29

is your sense of taste

Answer 29

gustation

Question 30

are the senses you experience through your skin, primarily touch, temperature, and pain

Answer 30

somatosenses

Question 31

is your sense of the position and movement of your body parts

Answer 31

kinesthetic sense

Question 32

your sense of balance.

Answer 32

vestibular sense