final exam 1-2 Flashcards
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Psychology
father of psychology,he was the first to approach the inner workings of the mind as a science.
Wundt
Austrian neurologist known for his work on the unconscious mind. Father of psychoanalysis.He was also a pioneer.+- is famous for inventing and developing the technique of psychoanalysis;
Sigmund Freud
a perspective in psychology created by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes unconscious mental activity and the long-lasting influence of childhood experiences.
Psychoanalysis
is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals.F. Skinner and John Watson were pioneers of this.Like the rewards and punishment.
Behaviorism
Carl Rogers was a pioneer of it, which emphasizes the notion that human nature is generally good and people are naturally motivated to grow toward their own potential
Humanism
Psychology that focuses on the relationship between behavior and the brain’s functioning.
/ Neuroscience
Is a perspective in psychology that emphasizes processes such as thinking, language, attention, memory, and intelligence. These are the processes of acquiring and using information
Cognitive Psychology
Perspective in psychology that emphasizes strengths and accomplishments.
Positive Psychology
Is a perspective in psychology that emphasizes the influence of culture on behavior and mental processes.
Multiculturalism
our psychological growth is guided, in part, by people in our lives who are in mentor-type roles, such as teachers and parents. Other times, we develop our values and beliefs through our interactions within social groups or by participating in cultural events.
Sociocultural
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection. ( is a perspective in psychology that emphasizes Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution as an influence on behavior.)Most common phobias—like heights, snakes, insects, small animals, the dark, and enclosed spaces—do not present the greatest threat to our survival today but our ancenstors
Evolutionary Psychology
Biological, psychological, and social factors are all emphasized as influences on behavior in this uniquely comprehensive view of psychology.
Biopsychosocial theory
A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
Scientific Method
a proposed explanation for observed events/ a prediction, typically based on a theory, that can be tested.
Theory and Hypothesis
the goal is to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables by manipulating one and observing changes in the other.
Experimental Research
A method of experimental research in which participants are randomly assigned to experimental or control groups.
Random Assignment
One variable that is manipulated by the researcher(cause).a variable that is expected to depend upon the independent variable(Effect)
independent variables and dependent variables,
One group receives the treatment whose effect researchers wish to study(like medicine), While the other group just stays there and does not
experimental group and control group
the goal is simply to describe a characteristic of the population.
Descriptive Research
an in-depth study of one person, group, or event. In a _____ , nearly every aspect of the subject’s life and history is analyzed to seek patterns and causes of behavior.
Case Study
the psychologist collects data from participants by visiting them in the real-world location where their behavior happens naturally.
Naturalistic Observation
can be administered as a structured interview or as a self-report measure, and data can be collected in person, over the phone, or on a computer. While the other is in person.
Surveys and Interviews
the goal is to determine the relationship between two variables.
Correlational Research
the mistaken belief that when two variables correlate strongly with each other, one must cause the other.Like gum can make you pass test
Correlation-Causation fallacy
when there is no relationship between two variables. For example there is no relationship between the amount of tea drunk and level of intelligence.
zero correlation
that the variables move in the same direction. Put another way, it means that as one variable increases so does the other. height and weight—taller people tend to be heavier, and vice versa.
positive correlation
a relationship between two variables in which an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other. ( would be height above sea level and temperature.)
negative correlation
