final exam 1-2

Question 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

father of psychology,he was the first to approach the inner workings of the mind as a science.

Answer 2

Wundt

Question 3

Austrian neurologist known for his work on the unconscious mind. Father of psychoanalysis.He was also a pioneer.+- is famous for inventing and developing the technique of psychoanalysis;

Answer 3

Sigmund Freud

Question 4

a perspective in psychology created by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes unconscious mental activity and the long-lasting influence of childhood experiences.

Answer 4

Psychoanalysis

Question 5

is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals.F. Skinner and John Watson were pioneers of this.Like the rewards and punishment.

Answer 5

Behaviorism

Question 6

Carl Rogers was a pioneer of it, which emphasizes the notion that human nature is generally good and people are naturally motivated to grow toward their own potential

Answer 6

Humanism

Question 7

Psychology that focuses on the relationship between behavior and the brain’s functioning.

Answer 7

/ Neuroscience

Question 8

Is a perspective in psychology that emphasizes processes such as thinking, language, attention, memory, and intelligence. These are the processes of acquiring and using information

Answer 8

Cognitive Psychology

Question 9

Perspective in psychology that emphasizes strengths and accomplishments.

Answer 9

Positive Psychology

Question 10

Is a perspective in psychology that emphasizes the influence of culture on behavior and mental processes.

Answer 10

Multiculturalism

Question 11

our psychological growth is guided, in part, by people in our lives who are in mentor-type roles, such as teachers and parents. Other times, we develop our values and beliefs through our interactions within social groups or by participating in cultural events.

Answer 11

Sociocultural

Question 12

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection. ( is a perspective in psychology that emphasizes Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution as an influence on behavior.)Most common phobias—like heights, snakes, insects, small animals, the dark, and enclosed spaces—do not present the greatest threat to our survival today but our ancenstors

Answer 12

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 13

Biological, psychological, and social factors are all emphasized as influences on behavior in this uniquely comprehensive view of psychology.

Answer 13

Biopsychosocial theory

Question 14

A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.

Answer 14

Scientific Method

Question 15

a proposed explanation for observed events/ a prediction, typically based on a theory, that can be tested.

Answer 15

Theory and Hypothesis

Question 16

the goal is to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables by manipulating one and observing changes in the other.

Answer 16

Experimental Research

Question 17

A method of experimental research in which participants are randomly assigned to experimental or control groups.

Answer 17

Random Assignment

Question 18

One variable that is manipulated by the researcher(cause).a variable that is expected to depend upon the independent variable(Effect)

Answer 18

independent variables and dependent variables,

Question 19

One group receives the treatment whose effect researchers wish to study(like medicine), While the other group just stays there and does not

Answer 19

experimental group and control group

Question 20

the goal is simply to describe a characteristic of the population.

Answer 20

Descriptive Research

Question 21

an in-depth study of one person, group, or event. In a _____ , nearly every aspect of the subject’s life and history is analyzed to seek patterns and causes of behavior.

Answer 21

Case Study

Question 22

the psychologist collects data from participants by visiting them in the real-world location where their behavior happens naturally.

Answer 22

Naturalistic Observation

Question 23

can be administered as a structured interview or as a self-report measure, and data can be collected in person, over the phone, or on a computer. While the other is in person.

Answer 23

Surveys and Interviews

Question 24

the goal is to determine the relationship between two variables.

Answer 24

Correlational Research

Question 25

the mistaken belief that when two variables correlate strongly with each other, one must cause the other.Like gum can make you pass test

Answer 25

Correlation-Causation fallacy

Question 26

when there is no relationship between two variables. For example there is no relationship between the amount of tea drunk and level of intelligence.

Answer 26

zero correlation

Question 27

that the variables move in the same direction. Put another way, it means that as one variable increases so does the other. height and weight—taller people tend to be heavier, and vice versa.

Answer 27

positive correlation

Question 28

a relationship between two variables in which an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other. ( would be height above sea level and temperature.)

Answer 28

negative correlation