final 5-6 Flashcards
is sequential and logical while unconscious mind is spontaneous and processes information instantly. Unconscious mind is capable of multitasking while conscious mind does not have this ability.
Conscious vs. unconscious processing
awareness of your moment-to-moment experiences fully, deliberately, and without distraction.
Mindfulness
the 24-hour cycle on which your brain and body function
Circadian Rhythms
is the stage of sleep in which intense brain activity and vivid dreams are most likely to occur.
is any sleep other than blank sleep, when rapid eye movement, intense brain activity, and dreams are unlikely to occur.
Stages of sleep (1.non-REM sleep and 2.REM sleep)
is a sleep disorder featuring consistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or achieving high-quality sleep.
Insomnia
Is a disorder of “sleep attacks” characterized by immediate and unexpected shifts from wakefulness to REM sleep.
Narcolepsy
is a sleep disorder caused by interruptions of breathing that cause repeated waking.
Sleep apnea
decreased effectiveness of a particular amount of a drug and stressful and uncomfortable symptoms caused by discontinuing a drug that had become habitual.
Tolerance and withdrawal
are substances that alter mental functioning.
Psychoactive Drugs
is a mental need for a particular drug in order to function normally.
psychological dependence
is a bodily need for a particular drug in order to function normally
physical dependence
are drugs that speed up bodily functions. One of the best-known, and perhaps the most addictive, is cocaine, which is typically taken in powder or solid forms (“crack”).
Stimulants
are pain-relieving drugs naturally derived from the poppy plant.
Opiates
are drugs that slow bodily functions. One subset of depressants, benzodiazepines,reduce nervousness and are often prescribed for problems relating to anxiety or insomnia.enhance relaxation
Depressants
are drugs that produce unrealistic sensations such as hallucinations.
Hallucinogens
is the process of taking in information, saving it over time, and calling it to mind later.
Memory
is entering information into memory.
Encoding
is retaining information in memory.a process by which you hold onto information you’ve taken in until you need to open it later.
Storage
is pulling information out of memory.
Retrieval
the earliest part of the memory process, in which the senses take in and very briefly hold information.
Sensory Memory
how long a memory ‘trace’ can be held for, before it is forgotten./ the maximum amount of information that can be retained in memory.
Duration and Capacity
auditory sensory memory, or all the information your ears took in during the past few seconds./ visual sensory memory, or all the information your eyes took in during the last fraction of a second
Echoic vs. Iconic
a limited amount of new information being held briefly until it is either discarded or kept long-term.
Short-Term Memory
a type of memory in which processing, or work, is done on briefly held information. processing, or work, done on information you take in.
Working Memory
grouping pieces of information together in a meaningful way to enhance memory
Chunking
information is repeated in exactly the same form it was originally encoded. / involves adding meaning or associations to information, which enhances memory.
Maintenance Rehearsal vs. Elaborative Rehearsal
a seemingly limitless amount of information being held for extensive periods of time.
Long-Term Memory
is memory of which you are consciously aware. It is also called declarative memory, which refers to the fact that it is memory that you can declare (or, more simply, tell) to another person
Explicit memory
is a type of explicit memory consisting of personal firsthand experiences.
, episodic memory
is memory of which you are not consciously aware
Implicit memory
a type of implicit memory consisting of how to perform tasks that you do automatically.
, procedural memory
a distinctively clear and vivid memory of an emotionally charged and novel event.Its emotionally connected to a person
Flashbulb memory
a memory phenomenon in which some memories interfere with the retrieval of other memories
Interference
the tendency to remember the first and last items in a series better than the items in the middle.
Serial Position Effect
is the tendency to remember the last items in a series particularly well.
recency effect
is the tendency to remember the first items in a series particularly well.
primacy effect
the tendency to have better long-term memory for information when your attempts to study it are spaced apart rather than crammed together.
Spacing Effect
_____: cramming
_____: spacing the studying out
(massed vs. distributed practice)
is the inability to remember some or all information, either temporarily or permanently.
Amnesia
is the tendency of false or misleading information presented after the fact to become mistakenly incorporated into memory.
Misinformation effect
to an account given by people of an event they have witnessed. For example they may be required to give a description at a trial of a robbery or a road accident someone has seen.
, Eyewitness testimony
