Chapter 13 Flashcards
the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to each other.
Social Psychology
to refer to a person’s thoughts about other people and the social world.
Social cognition
an explanation of the cause of behavior.
Attribution
a theory that behavior is caused either by traits within the individual or by the situation surrounding the individual.
Attribution theory
overestimating the importance of traits and underestimating the importance of the situation when explaining the behavior of other people.
Fundamental attribution error
is a viewpoint, often influenced by both thoughts and emotions, that affects your responses to people, things, or situations
Attitude
a title, position, or status that carries expectations for acceptable behavior. often carry expectations that encourage people to behave in certain ways.
Social Role
was designed to examine the effects of situational variables on participants’ reactions and behaviors in a two-week simulation of a prison environment.
Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment
is the discomfort caused by having an attitude that contradicts another attitude or a behavior
Cognitive dissonance
any way in which the presence of other people influences your thoughts, feelings, or behavior.
Social influence
changes in an individual’s behavior to correspond to the behavior of a group of other people.
Conformity
changes in an individual’s behavior to comply with the demands of an authority figure
Obedience
exploring the willingness of individuals to follow the orders of authorities when those orders conflict with the individual’s own moral judgment.
Milgram’s study of obedience
a loss of identity and accountability experienced by individuals in groups that can lead to atypical behavior.
Deindividuation
an increase in individual performance caused by the presence of other people.
social facilitation
a decrease in individual performance when tasks are done in groups. slacking off, basically.
social loafing
a phenomenon that occurs when group members value getting along with each other more than finding the best solution.
Groupthink
interactions between two or more people, groups, or organizations.
Social relations
an often negative attitude toward a social group that is formed before getting to know group members.
Prejudice
beliefs about a group’s characteristics that are applied generally, and often inaccurately, to group members.
stereotype
action based on prejudice or stereotypes toward a social group.
discrimination
is a social group to which you believe you belong (“us”).
Ingroup
Is a social group to which you believe you do not belong (“them”).
outgroup
is behavior intended to cause harm or death.
Aggression
an increase in the attractiveness of a person (or object) resulting from nothing more than repeated contact. Many studies point to the fact that we feel positive toward what is familiar—not just people, but things too, including shapes, words, photographs, songs, and sounds
mere exposure effect
A much more accurate account is that “birds of a feather flock together.”
similarity
If they like you, your attraction to them rises; if they don’t, it drops
reciprocal liking
is behavior intended to help others.
Prosocial behavior
completely unselfish concern for others.
Altruism
the decrease in likelihood that you will help another person caused by the presence of others also available to help.
Bystander effect
a decreased sense of obligation to help when others are present.
Diffusion of responsibility
was a Turkish-American social psychologist. He helped develop social judgment theory and realistic conflict theory. Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.
Muzafer Sherif, Ph.D.
