final 11-12 Flashcards
is a set of shared beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior within a group of people.
Culture
a comprehensive, culturally influenced way of approaching and understanding the world around you.
Worldview
the ability to simultaneously know the norm for a group and recognize that the norm might not apply to every member of that group.
Dynamic sizing
is a psychological approach that highlights the importance and value of multiple cultural groups within a society.
Multiculturalism
managing a life that involves the coexistence of more than one culture. Acculturation is basically how much to hold on to your old culture and how much to accept the new one.
Acculturation
is an acculturation strategy in which the person adopts the new culture and rejects the old culture.
assimilation
is an acculturation strategy in which the person retains the old culture and rejects the new culture.
separation
is an acculturation strategy in which the person rejects both the new culture and the old culture.
marginalization
is an acculturation strategy in which the person adopts both the new culture and the old culture.
integration
stress associated with the process of managing old and new cultures. include lots of things that immigrants and other newcomers to cultural groups often experience: language difficulties; pressure to dress, speak, or behave in a certain way; harassment and discrimination; and lack of necessary skills or knowledge
Acculturative stress
is a worldview that emphasizes the well-being of the individual over the well-being of the group while the other is a worldview that emphasizes the well-being of the group over the well-being of the individual.
Individualism vs collectivism
is your ability to live and interact effectively in a multicultural society./ the ability to understand, appreciate and interact with people from cultures or belief systems different from one’s own
Cultural intelligence/Cultural competence
everyday actions or comments that, often unintentionally, contain hostile or off-putting messages for members of certain cultures.
Microaggressions
your biological maleness or femaleness
Sex
your culture’s social, psychological, behavioral expectations related to maleness or femaleness.
Gender
is a person’s pattern of romantic attraction to a particular group (or groups) of other people.
Sexual orientation
a person whose gender and sex match
Cisgender
is an unpleasant physical or psychological reaction to circumstances you perceive as challenging.
Stress
an automatic emotional and physical reaction to a perceived threat that prepares you to either attack it or run away from it
Flight-or-flight response
is any event or change in your life that causes you stress.
Stressor
is determining how stressful an event is to you./is determining how capable you are of coping with the event.
primary appraisal/ secondary appraisal
the psychological specialization that focuses on the relationship between mind and body.
Health Psychology
a widely accepted understanding of the way bodies respond to ongoing stress, consisting of the three-step sequence of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
General Adaptation Syndrome
help us to handle short-term stressors
Alarm, resistance
the body’s alarm keeps sounding, but eventually the resistance wears off (like an army simply overwhelmed by never-ending waves of enemy attacks). which leaves you vulnerable to disease.
exhaustion stage
any illness that stress can cause, worsen, or maintain
Psychophysiological Illnesses
a personality featuring high levels of competitiveness, drive, impatience, and hostility. ( They are hurried and cutthroat in their attempts to attain their goals—not just when such qualities might be appropriate or necessary, but all the time.)
Type A personality
a personality very much unlike Type A personality, in which the person is noncompetitive, easygoing, relaxed, and rarely angry
Type B personality
is a personality featuring a low level of emotional expression, a high level of agreeableness with other people, and a tendency to feel helpless. (she holds her feelings in and goes along with whatever they want to do, but she is bothered by a sense that she doesn’t have as much control over her life as she would like.)
Type C personality
is a personality featuring high levels of negative emotions, like depression and anxiety, and a reluctance to share those emotions with others.
Type D personalities
a psychological disorder lasting at least a month characterized by feeling continuously on edge, avoiding reminders of the traumatic event, having difficulty sleeping and concentrating, and frequently recalling or reliving the event.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
efforts to reduce or manage your experience of stress.
Coping
is a style of coping with stress that emphasizes changing the stressor itself./is a style of coping with stress that emphasizes changing your emotional reaction to the stressor (rather than changing the stressor itself).
Problem-focused coping./emotion-focused coping
behaviors that reflect resilience under stressful circumstances. Hardy people welcome stress. They see it as an opportunity for improvement and success rather than failure and pain.
Hardiness
an attitude toward the future characterized by hope or expectation of a positive outcome. buffers us from stress
Optimism
