Chapter 4

Question 1

is your awareness of yourself and your surroundings.

Answer 1

Consciousness

Question 2

the 24-hour cycle on which your brain and body function

Answer 2

Circadian rhythm

Question 3

is the stage of sleep in which intense brain activity and vivid dreams are most likely to occur.
is any sleep other than blank sleep, when rapid eye movement, intense brain activity, and dreams are unlikely to occur.

Answer 3

Stages of sleep (1.non-REM sleep and2. REM sleep)

Question 4

is a sleep disorder featuring consistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or achieving high-quality sleep.

Answer 4

Insomnia

Question 5

Is a disorder of “sleep attacks” characterized by immediate and unexpected shifts from wakefulness to REM sleep.

Answer 5

narcolepsy

Question 6

is a sleep disorder caused by interruptions of breathing that cause repeated waking.

Answer 6

sleep apnea

Question 7

A theory that dreams revealed the unconscious mind, particularly deep-down wishes of which you are largely unaware while awake.

Answer 7

Freud’s theory of dreaming

Question 8

dreams are caused by the physiological processes of the brain.

Answer 8

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

Question 9

is an altered state of consciousness in which one person, the participant, becomes very suggestible to another person, the hypnotist

Answer 9

Hypnosis

Question 10

are substances that alter mental functioning.

Answer 10

Psychoactive drugs

Question 11

decreased effectiveness of a particular amount of a drug and stressful and uncomfortable symptoms caused by discontinuing a drug that had become habitual.

Answer 11

Tolerance and withdrawal

Question 12

is a bodily need for a particular drug in order to function normally

Answer 12

Physical dependence

Question 13

is a mental need for a particular drug in order to function normally.

Answer 13

psychological dependence

Question 14

are drugs that slow bodily functions. One subset of depressants, benzodiazepines,reduce nervousness and are often prescribed for problems relating to anxiety or insomnia.enhance relaxation

Answer 14

depressants

Question 15

are drugs that speed up bodily functions. One of the best-known, and perhaps the most addictive, is cocaine, which is typically taken in powder or solid forms (“crack”).

Answer 15

stimulants

Question 16

are drugs that produce unrealistic sensations such as hallucinations.

Answer 16

hallucinogens

Question 17

are pain-relieving drugs naturally derived from the poppy plant. Relieve pain; enhance pleasure

Answer 17

opiates

Question 18

is an activity designed to increase focused attention with the ultimate purpose of improving your mental state.

Answer 18

Meditation

Question 19

awareness of your moment-to-moment experiences fully, deliberately, and without distraction.

Answer 19

mindfulness

Question 20

he became the first African American Professor of Science at an Ivy League university to receive tenure. is now the Chair of their Department of Psychology and a Professor of both Psychology and Psychiatry

Answer 20

Carl L. Hart, Ph.D.