Chapter 5

Question 1

is the process of taking in information, saving it over time, and calling it to mind later.

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

is entering information into memory.

Answer 2

Encoding

Question 3

is retaining information in memory.a process by which you hold onto information you’ve taken in until you need to open it later.

Answer 3

storage

Question 4

is pulling information out of memory.

Answer 4

retrieval

Question 5

the earliest part of the memory process, in which the senses take in and very briefly hold information.

Answer 5

Sensory Memory

Question 6

auditory sensory memory, or all the information your ears took in during the past few seconds.

Answer 6

echoic memory

Question 7

visual sensory memory, or all the information your eyes took in during the last fraction of a second

Answer 7

iconic memory

Question 8

focuses on the depth of processing involved in memory, and predicts the deeper information is processed, the longer a memory trace will last.

Answer 8

Levels of Processing

Question 9

grouping pieces of information together in a meaningful way to enhance memory

Answer 9

chunking

Question 10

information is repeated in exactly the same form it was originally encoded.

Answer 10

maintenance rehearsal

Question 11

involves adding meaning or associations to information, which enhances memory.

Answer 11

elaborative rehearsal

Question 12

a limited amount of new information being held briefly until it is either discarded or kept long-term.

Answer 12

Short-term Memory

Question 13

a type of memory in which processing, or work, is done on briefly held information.processing, or work, done on information you take in.

Answer 13

Working memory

Question 14

a seemingly limitless amount of information being held for extensive periods of time.

Answer 14

Long-term Memory

Question 15

is memory of which you are consciously aware. It is also called declarative memory, which refers to the fact that it is memory that you can declare (or, more simply, tell) to another person

Answer 15

explicit memory

Question 16

is a type of explicit memory consisting of facts, figures, word meanings, and other general information. is what helps Jeopardy!

Answer 16

semantic memory

Question 17

is a type of explicit memory consisting of personal firsthand experiences. is your internal autobiography, a record of the episodes of your life

Answer 17

episodic memory

Question 18

is memory of which you are not consciously aware

Answer 18

implicit memory

Question 19

a type of implicit memory consisting of how to perform tasks that you do automatically.

Answer 19

procedural memory

Question 20

aspects of an individual’s physical and cognitive environment which aid the recall process;

Answer 20

Retrieval Cue

Question 21

the dwindling or loss of information from memory due to the passing of time

Answer 21

Decay

Question 22

a memory phenomenon in which some memories interfere with the retrieval of other memories

Answer 22

interference

Question 23

the tendency to remember the first and last items in a series better than the items in the middle.

Answer 23

Serial position effect

Question 24

is the tendency to remember the first items in a series particularly well.

Answer 24

primacy effect

Question 25

is the tendency to remember the last items in a series particularly well.

Answer 25

recency effect

Question 26

a distinctively clear and vivid memory of an emotionally charged and novel event. Its emotionally connected to a person

Answer 26

Flashbulb memory

Question 27

the tendency to have better long-term memory for information when your attempts to study it are spaced apart rather than crammed together.

Answer 27

Spacing effect

Question 28

refers to conditions in which individuals practice a task continuously without rest.

Answer 28

massed practice

Question 28

refers to conditions in which individuals practice a task continuously without rest.

Answer 28

massed practice

Question 29

reviews that take place some time after the original learning event,

Answer 29

distributed practice

Question 30

is the inability to remember some or all information, either temporarily or permanently.

Answer 30

amnesia

Question 31

is the tendency of false or misleading information presented after the fact to become mistakenly incorporated into memory.

Answer 31

Misinformation effect

Question 32

Remembering your predictions incorrectly after the outcome is determined

Answer 32

hindsight bias

Question 33

is the idea that people can block out, or forget, upsetting or traumatic memories, because there is a motivation to do so.

Answer 33

motivated forgetting

Question 34

she was the first woman hired in as a Professor at the University of Utah. she became the first Native American to earn a doctorate in psychology. In 1974, she co–founded the National Indian Education Association.

Answer 34

Marigold Linton, Ph.D.