Chapter 11

Question 1

is an unpleasant physical or psychological reaction to circumstances you perceive as challenging.

Answer 1

Stress

Question 2

an automatic emotional and physical reaction to a perceived threat that prepares you to either attack it or run away from it.

Answer 2

Flight-or-flight response

Question 3

is any event or change in your life that causes you stress.

Answer 3

Stressor

Question 4

is determining how stressful an event is to you.

Answer 4

Primary appraisal

Question 5

is determining how capable you are of coping with the event.

Answer 5

secondary appraisal

Question 6

the psychological specialization that focuses on the relationship between mind and body.

Answer 6

Health Psychology

Question 7

a widely accepted understanding of the way bodies respond to ongoing stress, consisting of the three-step sequence of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Answer 7

General Adaptation Syndrome

Question 8

help us to handle short-term stressors

Answer 8

Alarm, resistance

Question 9

the body’s alarm keeps sounding, but eventually the resistance wears off (like an army simply overwhelmed by never-ending waves of enemy attacks). which leaves you vulnerable to disease.

Answer 9

exhaustion

Question 10

is your body’s innate method of defending against bacteria, viruses, infections, injuries, and anything else that could cause illness or death.

Answer 10

Immune system

Question 11

any illness that stress can cause, worsen, or maintain.

Answer 11

Psychophysiological illnesses

Question 12

a personality featuring high levels of competitiveness, drive, impatience, and hostility. ( They are hurried and cutthroat in their attempts to attain their goals—not just when such qualities might be appropriate or necessary, but all the time.)

Answer 12

Type A personality

Question 13

a personality very much unlike Type A personality, in which the person is noncompetitive, easygoing, relaxed, and rarely angry

Answer 13

Type B personality

Question 14

is a personality featuring a low level of emotional expression, a high level of agreeableness with other people, and a tendency to feel helpless. (she holds her feelings in and goes along with whatever they want to do, but she is bothered by a sense that she doesn’t have as much control over her life as she would like.)

Answer 14

Type C personality

Question 15

is a personality featuring high levels of negative emotions, like depression and anxiety, and a reluctance to share those emotions with others.

Answer 15

Type D personalities

Question 16

a psychological disorder lasting at least a month characterized by feeling continuously on edge, avoiding reminders of the traumatic event, having difficulty sleeping and concentrating, and frequently recalling or reliving the event.

Answer 16

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 17

efforts to reduce or manage your experience of stress.

Answer 17

Coping

Question 18

is a style of coping with stress that emphasizes changing the stressor itself. This kind of coping involves tackling the problem head-on in an attempt to solve or minimize it

Answer 18

Problem-focused coping

Question 19

is a style of coping with stress that emphasizes changing your emotional reaction to the stressor (rather than changing the stressor itself). ( you basically accept the stressor as unchangeable, so you instead focus on changing the way you feel while facing it)

Answer 19

emotion-focused coping

Question 20

behaviors that reflect resilience under stressful circumstances. Hardy people welcome stress. They see it as an opportunity for improvement and success rather than failure and pain.

Answer 20

Hardiness

Question 21

an attitude toward the future characterized by hope or expectation of a positive outcome. buffers us from stress

Answer 21

Optimism

Question 22

Born in New York with parents from China, she helped create the Marana Community Mental Health Clinic that serves Yaqui Indians, migrant workers, and indigent people in the rural communities of Tuscon. she was the first ethnic minority woman to serve on the American Psychological Association (APA) Board of Directors. She has won many distinguished awards for her contributions to psychology and her community.

Answer 22

Alice F. Chang, Ph.D.