Explanations For Forgetting: MEMORY Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the Interference theory

A

-Forgetting because one memory blocks another, causing one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten

  • only explains LTM forgetting
  • memories still in LTM, just difficult to access
  • Very likely two interfering memories stored at different times
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2
Q

What are the 2 types of interference

A

Proactive, Retroactive

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3
Q

What is proactive interference?

A

Old memory interferes with new memory

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4
Q

what is Retroactive interference

A

new memory interferes with old memory

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5
Q

McGeoch + Mcdonald (1931) Method
and 6 conditions

A

1) P.Ps asked to learn list of 10 words until they could remember them 100% accurately

2) Then asked to learn a new list of words
3) then asked to recall original list of words

3) there were 6 conditions in which P.Ps could be placed in > decided which 2nd list they had

conditions were .Synonyms .Antonyms .Unrelated adjectives .Nonsense syllables .Numbers .None

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6
Q

McGeoch + Mcdonald (1931) Findings

A
  • When PP recalled origonal list, their performance depended on which group they were in for 2nd list
  • Synonyms produced worst recall > Showing that interference is stronger when the meaning of memories are similar
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7
Q

What is retrieval failure ?

A

A form of forgetting.

Occurs when we do not have the necessary cues to access memory

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8
Q

What did Tulving conclude about retrieval failure ?

A

cue has to be present at encoding and also at retrieval

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9
Q

What is a Cue?

A

A ‘trigger’ of information which allows us to access a memory.

Cues may either be meaningful or indirectly linked by being encoded at time of encoding

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10
Q

What are the two types of cues?

A

Context dependent Cues

State dependent Cues

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11
Q

WHat is a context dependent cue?

A

Recall depends on an external cue

e.g: a place or the weather

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12
Q

Who Studied context dependent cues ?

what did they find?

A

Godden + Baddely (1975)

The group that learned and recalled in the same context cues (on land or under water) had the best recall

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13
Q

What are state dependent cues?

A
  • Recall depends on internal cue
  • can either be emotional or physical state
  • e.g: Feeling sad, being drunk
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14
Q

Who studies state dependent cues?

FINDINGS

A

Carter + Cassady (1998)

Groups who had same state dependent cues (On antihistamines or not on drug) on encoding and recall recalled most accurate

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