Dealing with Offending behaviors: forensics Flashcards
4v ways of dealing with offending behaviours
Custodial sentencing
Behaviour modification in custody
Anger management
Restorative justice
Custodial sentencing
A punishment decided by a court whereby the person spends time in ‘custody’.
E.g: Prison, Young Offenders institute, Psychiatric Hospital
Prison is designed to….
(custodial sentencing)
deter individuals from committing crime again.
Two levels of Deterrence
name
General: Aimed to send the message to society that crime is not tolerated.
Individual: Prevents the individuals repeating same offences.
Incapacitation
offender is taken out of society to prevent them reoffending to protect the public.
Retribution
A way for society to gain revenge, based off the biblical notion of an ‘eye for an eye’. The offender is somewhat paying for their actions.
Rehabilitation
Prison should provide opportunities for offenders to
-develop skills
- engage with training
-access treatment which will help the prisoner adjust to life on the outside.
Recidivism
Reoffending, a tendency to relapse a previous condition or mode of behaviour.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CUSTODIAL SENTENCING
1.Stress and Depression. Suicide + self-harm much higher in prison
2.Institutionalism - no longer able to function on outside as so used to routine
3.Prisonisation- develop ‘inmate code’, unacceptable behaviour rewarded and encouragement
Yukhnenko et al, 2019 Research
UK (45%) and USA (60%) have highest recidivism rates (Yukhnenko et al, 2019)
Norway (20%) has lowest in Europe as focuses on rehabilitation
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION is based off _____ approach
Behaviourist
behaviourist principles of behaviour modification
if human behaviour is learned, it can be unlearned by applying same principles that brought it about in the first place
Behaviour modification programmes are designed with the aim of…
reinforcing obedient behaviours in offenders, while punishing disobedience
in a token economy, the
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT =
PUNISHMENT =
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT = REWARD (TOKEN)
PUNISHMENT = REWARD BEING TAKEN AWAY (TOKEN)
WITHIN THE BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION SYSTEM THE TOKEN ACTS AS .
why
SECONDARY REINFORCERS
they derive their value from their association with a reward