Bowlbys Maternal Deprivation +Types of ATTACHMENTS

Question 1

Who created strange situation test

Answer 1

Ainsworth + Witting

Question 2

what were the 4 main factors being tested in the S.S

Answer 2

1)stranger anxiety
2) separation anxiety
3) secure base concept
4)Reunion behaviour

Question 3

What were the 8 episodes of the strange situation

Answer 3

1) Mother + infant play
2)child Explore room/ play , parent sits
3)Stranger enters, talks to mother
4)Parent leaves, stranger comforts
5)Parent re enters, stranger leaves
6)2nd separation, baby is alone
7)Stranger returns, comforts
8)Parent 2nd reunion

Question 4

What are the 3 types of attachment

Answer 4

1) Secure

2) Insecure avoidant

3) Insecure resistant

Question 5

qualities of Secure Attachment

Answer 5

-High stranger anxiety
-High separation anxiety
-use mother as secure base
-Positive reunion behaviour

Question 6

qualities of insecure avoidant attachment style

Answer 6

-Low stranger anxiety
-low separation anxiety
- Don’t use mother as secure base (independent)
-Neutral reunion behaviour

Question 7

qualities of insecure resistant attachment type

Answer 7

-Very high separation anxiety
-Very high stranger anxiety
-Don’t use mother as secure base (CLINGY)
-Seek + reject reunion behaviour

Question 8

what type of study was Strange situation?

Answer 8

Lab study

Question 9

what did Van Ijzendoornn and Kroonenberg (1988) do

Answer 9

completed Meta - analysis on 32 studies using Ainsworths strange situation

Question 10

what is a meta-analysis

Answer 10

a summary piece of research which looks at a range of similar studies, analysing for one particular factor e.g: attachment type in s.s on tour

Question 11

What was the modt common attachment type found in the S.S on tour
%

Answer 11

Secure 50-75%

Question 12

What 2 countries had the highest percentage of secure attached children

Answer 12

Great Britain

Sweden

Question 13

Which country had the highest percentage of insecure avoidant children

%

Answer 13

Germany 35 %

Question 14

which country had the most insecure resistant children

Answer 14

Israel 35%

Question 15

what is the second most common type of attachment in western culture

Answer 15

insecure avoident

Question 16

what is the second most common type of attachment in Non- western culture

Answer 16

insecure resistant

Question 17

What are the consequences of maternal deprivation according to Bowlby

Answer 17

Effects

-emotional development

-Intellectual development

Question 18

How does maternal deprivation effect Intellectual development

Answer 18

-Abnormally low IQ

-Delayed development

Question 19

How does maternal deprivation effect Emotional development

Answer 19

-Problematic
-difficult to form relationships
-Causes Affectionless Psychopathy

Question 20

what is Affectionless Psychopathy

Answer 20

-Inability to experience guilt
-Inability to experience strong emotions to others- empathy
-prevents normal relationships and is associated with criminality

Question 21

What belief makes bowlby’s maternal deprivation theory too deterministic?

Answer 21

If mother is absent for prolonged period of time then the psychological damage is inevitable

Question 22

2 positives of bowlby’s maternal deprivation theory

Answer 22

(+)R.S. Bowlby’s 44 thieves

(+) R.S Harlow monkeys

Question 23

3 problems with Bowlby’s maternal deprivation theory

Answer 23

(-) Problem with Bowlby’s research. Researcher bias.

(-)Problem with Harlow’s research. cross species validity

(-) Rutter says Bowlby’s definitions are muddled

Question 24

Aim of 44 thieves study Bowlby

Answer 24

To investigate effects of maternal deprivation on people in order to see whether delinquents have suffered deprivation

Question 25

Method of Bowlby’s 44 thieves study

Answer 25

Interviewed 44 adolescents referred to a child protection programme in London due to steeling. Another control group of 44 children referred due to emotional problems and hadn’t committed a crime.
parents and child interviewed
Both groups asked if suffered maternal deprivation
and assessed for affectionless psychopathy

Question 26

results of Bowlby’s 44 thieves study

Answer 26

More than half of juvenile thieves had been separated for longer than 6 months during first 5 yrs of life. only 2 in control group had.

32% of young thieves showed affectionless psychopathy. only 2 in control group had.

Question 27

Why was Bowlbys 44 thieves study les valid. 3 reasons

Answer 27

Bowl by himself carried out the interviews. Experimenter Bias

Retrospective data

Correlation, not causation

Question 28

Strange situation 5 behaviours used to judge attachment

Answer 28

Proximity

Exploration and secure base

Separation anxity

stranger anxiety

Reunion behaviour

Question 29

Sample of Ainsworths study

Answer 29

103 infants

Question 30

Findings of Ainsworths study

Answer 30

Distinc patterns in ways infants behaved

Secure = 60 - 75%

insecure avoidant = 20-25%

insecure resistant = 3% British Todlers

Also found the qualities of these types (on other FC)