Cognitive approach to Depression - PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Question 1

Main principle of cognitive approach

Answer 1

Focus on thinking

.: depression is caused by the way you think
ie thinking in faulty and negative ways

Question 2

main principle of Beck’s cognitive theory

Answer 2

-depression is caused by automatic faulty thinking/thoughts

Question 3

what are the 3 elements of Beck’s Cognitive theory

NAME

Answer 3

1)people who are depressed have faulty information processing,

2) People who are depressed have Negative self-Schemas.

3)The cognitive triad.

Question 4

faulty information processing Becks model

Answer 4

they focus on the negatives and ignore the positives

Question 5

What are Negative self-Schemas.

Answer 5

A self-schema is a package of information we have about ourselves. They interpret all info about themselves in a negative way

Question 6

What is the Cognitive triad

Answer 6

There are 3 types of thinking that occur automatically in a depressed person.
They typically have negative views about
the world,
the future
and the self.
as a triad

Question 7

according to Ellis’ model, what is depression a result of

Answer 7

Irrational thinking

Question 8

what are irrational thoughts?

Answer 8

patterns of thinking that are illogical, distort reality and prevent you from reaching your goals

Question 9

opposing to becks automatic thoughts, what did Ellis focus on

Answer 9

situations in which irrational thoughts are triggered by external events

Question 10

what model did Ellis use to explain how a depressed person thinks

what was the name of the therapy
| name

Answer 10

Rational emotive behavioral therapy

ABC MODEL

Question 11

what does A stand for in Ellis’ model

Answer 11

A= Activating Event. we get depressed when we experience negative events and these activate irrational thoughts

Question 12

what does B stand for in Ellis model

e.g:

Answer 12

B- Belief, After the event, comes the irrational belief. These include beliefs such as ‘musterbation’ (belief that we must always succeed) and Utopianism (he belief that life is always meant to be fair)

Question 13

what does C stand for in Ellis’ model

Answer 13

C = Consequence. irrational beliefs lead to emotional and behavioral consequence; ie depression

Question 14

waht are the three types of symptoms of depression

Answer 14

-behavioural
-cognitive
-emotional

Question 15

5 steps of CBT

Answer 15

1)-Assessment : Patient and therapist work together to clarify patients problems

2)-identify: Central to therapy, is to identify negative or irrational thoughts that need to be challenged

3)-Plan: Identify goals and put a plan together

4)-Challenge: work thru by challenging and changing thoughts

5)-Behaviour: behaviour is changed because of changed thoughts

Therapists will draw on techniques from Beck and Ellis to Challenge thoughts

Question 16

How is Beck’s theory used in CBT

Answer 16

-therapists challenge elements of cognitive triad
-set hw to investigate reality of their negative beliefs (e.g: write down every time someone says something nice to you)
-Test belief
-Referred to as ‘patient is the scientist’ as they are collecting their own evidence to show their beliefs are irrational

Question 17

How is Ellis’ rational emotive behavioural therapy used in CBT

Answer 17

-use ABCDE model
-A=Activating event -B=Belief -C=Consequence -D=Dispute irrational thoughts/beliefs -E= effect= influences how u feel and behave

-Disputing can be empirical (e.g: where is the evidence?) or Logical (does the thought(s) logically follow the facts? )

Question 18

waht’s the key idea of CBT

Answer 18

change thinking = change emotion and behaviour

Question 19

Who found that women who had cognitive vulnerability whilst pregnant were more likely to suffer from post-natal depression?

Answer 19

Grazioli and Terry 2000

Question 20

Who reviewed research in post-natal depression and found that cognitive vulnerability factors were present before the onset of depression? (1 mark)

Answer 20

Clark and Beck 1999

Question 21

Who found that CBT was just as effective as medication for treating depression?

Answer 21

March et al 2007

Question 22

Clinical Cognitive characteristics of Depression

Answer 22

Attending to and dwelling on the negative,

Absolutist thinking,

Poor concentration

Question 23

Clinical Behavioural characteristics of Depression

Answer 23

aggression and self harm

, disruption to sleep+food,

Reduced activity levels

Question 24

Clinical Emotional characteristics of Depression

Answer 24

lowered mood,

anger
low self esteem

Question 25

what is Musterbation

Answer 25

belief that we must always succeed

Question 26

What is Utopianism

Answer 26

the belief that life is always meant to be fair