Cognitive approach to Depression - PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Flashcards
Main principle of cognitive approach
Focus on thinking
.: depression is caused by the way you think
ie thinking in faulty and negative ways
main principle of Beck’s cognitive theory
-depression is caused by automatic faulty thinking/thoughts
what are the 3 elements of Beck’s Cognitive theory
NAME
1)people who are depressed have faulty information processing,
2) People who are depressed have Negative self-Schemas.
3)The cognitive triad.
faulty information processing Becks model
they focus on the negatives and ignore the positives
What are Negative self-Schemas.
A self-schema is a package of information we have about ourselves. They interpret all info about themselves in a negative way
What is the Cognitive triad
There are 3 types of thinking that occur automatically in a depressed person.
They typically have negative views about
the world,
the future
and the self.
as a triad
according to Ellis’ model, what is depression a result of
Irrational thinking
what are irrational thoughts?
patterns of thinking that are illogical, distort reality and prevent you from reaching your goals
opposing to becks automatic thoughts, what did Ellis focus on
situations in which irrational thoughts are triggered by external events
what model did Ellis use to explain how a depressed person thinks
what was the name of the therapy
| name
Rational emotive behavioral therapy
ABC MODEL
what does A stand for in Ellis’ model
A= Activating Event. we get depressed when we experience negative events and these activate irrational thoughts
what does B stand for in Ellis model
e.g:
B- Belief, After the event, comes the irrational belief. These include beliefs such as ‘musterbation’ (belief that we must always succeed) and Utopianism (he belief that life is always meant to be fair)
what does C stand for in Ellis’ model
C = Consequence. irrational beliefs lead to emotional and behavioral consequence; ie depression
waht are the three types of symptoms of depression
-behavioural
-cognitive
-emotional
5 steps of CBT
1)-Assessment : Patient and therapist work together to clarify patients problems
2)-identify: Central to therapy, is to identify negative or irrational thoughts that need to be challenged
3)-Plan: Identify goals and put a plan together
4)-Challenge: work thru by challenging and changing thoughts
5)-Behaviour: behaviour is changed because of changed thoughts
Therapists will draw on techniques from Beck and Ellis to Challenge thoughts
How is Beck’s theory used in CBT
-therapists challenge elements of cognitive triad
-set hw to investigate reality of their negative beliefs (e.g: write down every time someone says something nice to you)
-Test belief
-Referred to as ‘patient is the scientist’ as they are collecting their own evidence to show their beliefs are irrational
How is Ellis’ rational emotive behavioural therapy used in CBT
-use ABCDE model
-A=Activating event -B=Belief -C=Consequence -D=Dispute irrational thoughts/beliefs -E= effect= influences how u feel and behave
-Disputing can be empirical (e.g: where is the evidence?) or Logical (does the thought(s) logically follow the facts? )
waht’s the key idea of CBT
change thinking = change emotion and behaviour
Who found that women who had cognitive vulnerability whilst pregnant were more likely to suffer from post-natal depression?
Grazioli and Terry 2000
Who reviewed research in post-natal depression and found that cognitive vulnerability factors were present before the onset of depression? (1 mark)
Clark and Beck 1999
Who found that CBT was just as effective as medication for treating depression?
March et al 2007
Clinical Cognitive characteristics of Depression
Attending to and dwelling on the negative,
Absolutist thinking,
Poor concentration
Clinical Behavioural characteristics of Depression
aggression and self harm
, disruption to sleep+food,
Reduced activity levels
Clinical Emotional characteristics of Depression
lowered mood,
anger
low self esteem
what is Musterbation
belief that we must always succeed
What is Utopianism
the belief that life is always meant to be fair
