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Anatomy > Exam 4 Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the alimentary canal does propulsion occur?

A

from the oral vacity to the anus

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2
Q

Differentiate the abdominal cavity from the peritoneal cavity.

A

Abdominal = diaphragm to pelvis
Peritoneal = space between parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

Which digestive system organs are located in the abdominal cavity but are not intraperitoneal?

A

pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum

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4
Q

Identify all the mesenteries that connect to the liver. Dorsal or ventral?

A

falciform ligament and lesser omentum
- both ventral

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5
Q

Identify all the mesenteries that connect to the stomach. Dorsal or ventral?

A

greater omentum
- dorsal

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6
Q

Identify all the mesenteries that connect to the sigmoid colon. Dorsal or ventral?

A

sigmoid mesocolon
- dorsal

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7
Q

Injury to the spleen or liver can cause extensive internal bleeding. Where would blood collect from such an injury?

A

in the peritoneal cavity

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8
Q

Name the three sublayers of the mucosa. Which sublayer forms the intrinsic glands that produce digestive secretions?

A

mucosa (epithelial), lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae
- intrinsic glands are formed from the epithelial layer

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9
Q

Name the tissue layer of the alimentary canal that is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation.

A

contractions of the smooth muscle of the muscularis externa

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10
Q

Contrast smooth muscle to skeletal muscle
- cell shape
- number and location of nuclei
presence/absence of striations
- innervation
- stimuli for contraction
- fatigue resistance

A

Smooth muscle:
- elongated
- single centrally located nucleus
- nonstriated
- innervated by ANS
- contracts in response to hormones, stretching, and nerve stimulation
- extremely fatigue resistant

Skeletal muscle:
- cylindrically shaped cells
- multinucleated
- striated
innervated by somatic motor neurons
- less fatigue resistant than smooth muscle

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11
Q

What type of epithelium forms the mucosa lining the oral cavity and pharynx?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

Name the three major salivary glands. What nutrient macromolecules do the enzymes in saliva act on?

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual
- digest carbohydrates

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13
Q

How does the epithelial lining change from the esophagus to the stomach?

A

stratified squamous to simple columnar

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14
Q

What is unique about the muscularis externa in the stomach?

A

additional deep layer

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15
Q

Describe the location of the stomach in reference to the nine abdominal regions.

A

left hypochondriac, epigastric, umbilical regions of the abdomen

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16
Q

What do chief cells produce? What do parietal cells produce? What do the surface cells that line the stomach produce?

A

Chief cells: pepsinogen and gastric lipase
Parietal cells: HCl
Surface cells: bicarbonate-buffered mucus

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17
Q

What is the typical life span for an intestinal epithelial cell?

A

3-6 days

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18
Q

How are the cells of the epithelium replaced?

A

rapidly dividing undifferentiated epithelial cells that line the intestinal glands

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19
Q

Name all the parts of the large intestine, beginning with its junction with the ileum.

A

cecum, ascending colon, transverse, colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

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20
Q

Name the structures within the villus that receive absorbed nutrients. Which types of nutrients are absorbed into each structure?

A

End products of carbs and protein digestion = capillary network
Digested fats = lacteal

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21
Q

Name the vessels and ducts that pass through the porta hepatis. What is found in each structure, and does it go away or into the liver?

A

right and left hepatic arteries carry oxygen-rich blood into the liver
Right and left branches of the hepatic portal vein carry nutrient-rich blood into the liver
right and left hepatic ducts carry bile out of the liver

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22
Q

Which cells in the pancreas produce and secrete digestive enzymes? Where do these secretions empty into the alimentary canal?

A

acinar cells of the pancreas produce and secrete digestive enzymes
empties into the duodenum

23
Q

Why is it important to wash your hands after using the restroom?

A

prevents the spread of infection

24
Q

What is true about the submucosal nerve plexus of the intestine?

A

innervates the mucosa layer

25
Q

What mesentery connects the ileum and jejunum to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

the mesentery

26
Q

What mesentery connects anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

falciform ligament

27
Q

What mesentery connects the large intestine to the pelvic wall?

A

sigmoid mesocolon

28
Q

What mesentery attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach and has the most fat?

A

greater omentum

29
Q

What mesentery runs from the stomach’s lesser curvature to the fissure of the liver?

A

lesser omentum

30
Q

What is the mesentery of the large intestine that is fused to the underside of the greater omentum?

A

transverse mesocolon

31
Q

What’s the result of a short lingual frenulum?

A

results in distortion of speech

32
Q

What is true about the parotid gland?

A

swells when a person has mumps

33
Q

What is the flow of blood through the classical liver lobule and beyond?

A

portal venule to sinusoids to central vein to hepatic vein to inferior vena cava
AND
portal arteriole to sinusoids to central vein to hepatic vein

34
Q

Which cell type occurs in the stomach mucosa, has three prongs, contains many mitochondria, and many microvilli, and pumps hydrogen ions?

A

parietal cell

35
Q

What is the part of the colon that joins the rectum?

A

sigmoid colon

36
Q

What digestive organ has a head, body, and tail?

A

pancreas

37
Q

Where is the small intestine located?

A

umbilical

38
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

right hypochondriac

39
Q

Where is the stomach located?

A

left hypochondriac

40
Q

Where is the ascending colon located?

A

right lumbar

41
Q

Where is the cecum located?

A

right iliac

42
Q

Where does protein digestion begin?

A

in the duodenum by bile

43
Q

What is the calcified connective tissue that attaches the tooth to the periodontal ligament?

A

cement

44
Q

What is false about smooth muscle?

A

contraction of smooth muscle is stimulated exclusively by involuntary nerves

45
Q

What digestive organ produces bile?

A

liver

46
Q

What digestive organ absorbs water?

A

large intestine

47
Q

What digestive organ churns?

A

stomach

48
Q

What digestive organ is a muscular tube connecting the laryngopharynx with the stomach?

A

esophagus

49
Q

What digestive organ produces both endocrine and exocrine secretions?

A

pancreas

50
Q

What digestive organ secretes a substance that initiates carbohydrate digestion?

A

salivary glands

51
Q

What digestive organ stores bile?

A

gallbladder

52
Q

What digestive organ does segmentation occur?

A

small intestine

53
Q

What salivary gland only has serous cells?

A

parotid gland

Anatomy (22 decks)

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