Exam 1 Chapter 6 Flashcards
How does the matrix differ in each of the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage - small collagen fibrils
Elastic cartilage - collagen and elastic fibers
Fibrocartilage - thick bundles of collagen
Which type of cartilage is most abundant? List three locations where this type of cartilage is found.
Hyaline cartilage in respiratory passageways, costal cartilages of ribs, and cartilages of the nose
Where are the chondroblasts located that produce new cartilage by appositional growth?
perichondrium
Which component of bone tissue contributes to the strength and flexibility of bone? Which contributes to the hardness of bone?
Flexibility = collagen
Hardness = mineralized ground substance
What minerals are stored in bone and which cells in bone tissue function to remove these minerals from the bone tissue?
Calium and phosphate in bone
- released by osteoclasts
What is the difference between osteoblast and osteocyte?
Osteoblast secrete new bone matrix.
Osteocyte repair the matrix and keep it healthy.
What are the two osteogenic membranes found in a bone, where is each located and what types are cells found in these membranes?
Periosteum = external surface of bone
Endosteum = internal surface of bone
- both have osteoblasts and osteoclasts
In a flat bone, where is compact bone located? Where is spongy bone located?
Compact = external surface
Spongy = internal surface
What is the function of condyle, tubercle, foramen?
Condyle = joint surface
Tubercle = attachment site for muscle or ligament
Foramen = passageway for vessels or nerves
Differentiate between a central canal, a perforating canal and the canaliculi.
Central canal = middle of osteon
Perforating = connects central canals
Canaliculi = small connections between lacunae that link adjacent osteocytes
How do the osteocytes in the outer lamella of an osteon receive oxygen and nutrients?
Oxygen and nutrients diffuse through the spaces in the matrix
What is a trabecula? How is it different from an osteon?
Trabecula = beam of bone composed of several lamellae and associated osteocytes
- bone tissue is not aligned in Concentrix rings around central canal (like an osteon)
Which bones of the skeleton are membranous bones?
Most bones in the skull and the clavicle
Which portion of the long bones in a six month old fetus is ossified?
Only the diaphysis of the long bone is ossified
As a bone grows in length during childhood, does the thickness of the epiphyseal plate change?
In which region of the epiphyseal plate is bone tissue added: epiphyseal end or diaphyseal end?
Thickness doesn’t change
Bone is added to diaphyseal end
