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Anatomy > Exam 4 Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What structural features of capillaries make them well suited for their function of nourishing body tissues and removing waste products?

A
  • single layer of endothelial cells (good for diffusion)
  • diameter similar to RBC (maximizes surface contact and gas diffusion)
  • endothelial clefts and fenestrations contribute to capillary permeability
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2
Q

What components in the wall of a muscular artery help to move blood through these vessels?

A

thick smooth muscle of tunica media and internal and external elastic membranes

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3
Q

What mechanisms aid in maintaining the movement of venous blood?

A
  • valves that prevent backflow
  • normal bod movement
  • skeletal muscle pump
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4
Q

Define vasa vasorum.

A

Small vessels in the tunica externa of larger arteries that supply the outer layers of these larger vessels

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5
Q

Define arterial anastomoses.

A

junctions between two different arteries that supply a common organ

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6
Q

Define varicose veins.

A

form when the valves of a vein fail and blood pools in the vessel

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7
Q

Define artery

A

vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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8
Q

Why is the pulmonary artery illustrated in blue? Where is the blood traveling in relation to the heart?

A

Blue = poorly oxygenated blood
- carrying blood away from the heart = artery

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9
Q

Name the 3 vessels that branch off the aortic arch and the body region each serves.

A
  • Brachiocephalic trunk = head, neck, thorax, and upper limb on the right side
  • left common carotid artery = left portions of the head and neck
  • left subclavian artery = thorax and upper limb
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10
Q

Name the four major vessels that supply blood to the brain. What’s the origin?

A
  • right/left internal carotid arteries: start at common carotid arteries
  • right/left vertebral arteries: start at subclavian arteries
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11
Q

Which vessel do you palpate to feel a pulse in the thigh?

A

femoral artery

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12
Q

Which vessel do you palpate to feel a pulse in the arm?

A

brachial artery

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13
Q

Which vessel do you palpate to feel a pulse in the wrist?

A

radial artery

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14
Q

Which vessel do you palpate to feel a pulse in the foot?

A

dorsalis pedis artery

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15
Q

Which vessel do you palpate to feel a pulse in the neck?

A

common carotid artery

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16
Q

Name the vessels that branch off the abdominal aorta to supply blood to the digestive organs. Name each organ.

A
  • celiac trunk = stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, part of small intestine
  • superior mesenteric artery = supplies the small intestine, ascending colon, and part of the transverse colon
  • inferior mesenteric artery = distal portion of transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum
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17
Q

Consider the hepatic veins and the hepatic portal vein. Which organ or organs does each vein drain? Into which vessel does each vein empty?

A

Hepatic portal vein drains GI tract organs, enters the liver, and empties into the liver sinusoids
Hepatic veins: drains blood from liver and empties into inferior vena cava

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18
Q

In which body region area is the cephalic vein located?

A

superficial vein of upper limb

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19
Q

In which body region area is the popliteal vein located?

A

posterior knee

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20
Q

In which body region area is the transverse sinus located?

A

head

21
Q

In which body region area is the saphenous vein located?

A

superficial vein of the lower limb

22
Q

In which body region area is the azygos vein located?

A

right posterior thoracic wall

23
Q

Describe the clinical importance of the median cubital vein and the great saphenous vein.

A

median cubital vein = common site for blood withdrawal
great saphenous vein = coronary artery bypass surgery

24
Q

What lifestyle factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis?

A

smoking, high-fat diet, sedentary lifestyle

25
Q

How does elevated blood glucose associated with diabetes mellitus affect the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to body tissues?

A

Basement membrane of capillaries thickens in diabetes mellitus
- lowers rate of gas diffusion and nutrients

26
Q

Which vessel in the fetus carries the most highly oxygenated blood?

A

umbilical vein

27
Q

Where is the ductus arteriosus located? How does it function to shunt blood from the pulmonary circuit?

A

between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta
- shunted by aorta, so pulmonary circuit is bypassed

28
Q

What is true about azygos veins?

A

It joins the superior vena cava

29
Q

What is the name of the vein that blood can reach the heart from the abdominopelvic viscera?

A

inferior vena cava

30
Q

How is blood flow through the capillaries steady despite the rhythmic pumping action of the heart?

A

elasticity of all the arteries

31
Q

What vascular tunic forms the valves of veins?

A

intima

32
Q

What vascular tunic is the thickest in the veins?

A

externa

33
Q

What vascular tunic has the largest vasa varsorum?

A

externa

34
Q

What vascular tunic is the outer one and is mostly connective tissue?

A

externa

35
Q

What vascular tunic contains endothelium?

A

intima

36
Q

What vascular tunic is mostly smooth muscle?

A

media

37
Q

Which vessel is bilaterally symmetrical?

A

internal carotid artery

38
Q

Which artery is missing from the sequence: Blood leaves the heart and passes through the aorta, the right subclavian artery, the axillary and brachial arteries, and through either the radial or ulnar artery to a palmar arch?

A

brachiocephalic before right subclavian artery

39
Q

What veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava?

A

lumbar veins, hepatic veins, renal veins

40
Q

What artery is used to measure pulse rate at the wrist?

A

radial artery

41
Q

Which artery is missing from the sequence: Blood leaves the heart and passes through the aorta, the left common carotid artery, and the middle cerebral artery?

A

internal carotid artery

42
Q

What 2 veins are missing from the sequence: (draining superficial venous blood from the leg) Blood enters the great saphenous vein, femoral vein, inferior vena cava, and right atrium?

A

external and common iliacs

43
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

rectum and part of the colon

44
Q

Which 2 vessels are missing from the sequence: (draining venous blood from small intestine) blood enters superior mesenteric vein, hepatic vein, inferior vena cava, and right atrium?

A

hepatic portal vein and liver sinusoids

45
Q

Which vessel is missing from the sequence: (circulation to and from placenta) Blood in fetus goes from left ventricle to the aorta, to a common iliac artery, to an internal iliac artery, to an umbilical artery, to capillaries in the placenta, to the ductus venosus, to a hepatic vein, to the inferior vena cava, to the right atrium, to the foramen ovale, to the left atrium, and to the left ventricle?

A

umbilical vein

46
Q

What are examples of pressure points for major arteries?

A
  • medial bicipital furrow on arm
  • midinguinal point in the femoral triangle
47
Q

What is considered a pulse point?

A
  • anatomical snuff box
  • inferior margin of mandible anterior to masseter muscle
  • medial bicipital furrow on arm
  • dorsum of foot between the first two metatarsals
48
Q

What layer of the vein is responsible for changes in the vein’s diameter?

A

tunica media

Anatomy (22 decks)

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