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Anatomy > Exam 3 Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Which fibers in the motor division of the PNS are not myelinated?

A

Postganglionic axons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

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2
Q

As you are driving home from school, a car suddenly swerves toward you, forcing you to hit the brakes quickly. You feel your heart pump, and you begin to sweat a bit. Which division of ANS has been activated?

A

Sympathetic division (fight or flight)

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3
Q

Where are the sympathetic ganglia located? Where are most parasympathetic ganglia located?

A

sympathetic ganglia: near spinal cord and vertebral column
parasympathetic ganglia: in or near target organ

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4
Q

What is the result of vagal stimulation of the heart?

A

decreases heart rate

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5
Q

What is the result of vagal stimulation of the small intestine?

A

increases motility and secretion

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6
Q

What is the result of vagal stimulation of the salivary gland?

A

stimulates secretion

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7
Q

Why are white rami communicantes located only on sympathetic trunk ganglia between T1 and L2, and gray rami communicantes branch off each sympathetic trunk ganglion?

A

White: carry preganglionic outflow from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the cord into the sympathetic trunk
Gray: postganglionic fibers that exit off the sympathetic trunk onto a spinal nerve at each level of the sympathetic trunk (innervate blood vessels, sweat glands, arrector pili)

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8
Q

What is the general effect of sympathetic innervation to the abdominal organs?

A

decreases activity of the glands and muscles of the digestive system

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9
Q

Which region of the CNS is the main control center for the ANS?

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

What is part of the ANS?

A
  • two-neuron motor chains
  • preganglionic cell bodies of the CNS
  • presence of postganglionic cell bodies in ganglia
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11
Q

Which division of the ANS has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons?

A

sympathetic

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12
Q

Which division of the ANS has intramural ganglia?

A

parasympathetic

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12
Q

Which division of the ANS has craniosacral outflow?

A

parasympathetic

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13
Q

Which division of the ANS has adrenergic fibers?

A

sympathetic

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14
Q

Which division of the ANS has cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk?

A

sympathetic

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15
Q

Which division of the ANS has optic and ciliary ganglia?

A

parasympathetic

16
Q

Which division of the ANS has more widespread response?

A

sympathetic

17
Q

Which division of the ANS increases heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure?

A

sympathetic

18
Q

Which division of the ANS increases motility of stomach and secretion of lacrimal and salivary glands?

A

parasympathetic

19
Q

Which division of the ANS innervates blood vessels?

A

sympathetic

20
Q

Which division of the ANS is most active when you are lolling in a hammock?

A

parasympathetic

21
Q

Which division of the ANS is most active when you are running in the Boston marathon?

A

sympathetic

22
Q

Which division of the ANS has gray rami communicantes?

A

sympathetic

23
Q

Which division of the ANS has synapse in celiac ganglion?

A

sympathetic

24
Q

Which division of the ANS relates to fear response induced by the amygdaloid body?

A

sympathetic

25
Q

Which nerve innervates most of the organs of the abdomen and the thorax?

A

vagus nerve

26
Q

What kind of cell bodies do collateral ganglia contain?

A

postganglionic sympathetic

27
Q

How is the ANS controlled?

A

little control by cerebrum, major control by hypothalamus and amygdaloid body and
major control by spinal and peripheral reflexes

28
Q

What kind of axons does the white rami communicantes contain?

A

preganglionic sympathetic

29
Q

What are collateral sympathetic ganglia involed with?

A

Innervation of the abdominal organs

30
Q

Describe the anatomical relationship of the white and gray rami communicantes to a spinal nerve, and to the dorsal and ventral rami.

A

White: connect spinal nerves to sympathetic chain ganglia & emerge from spinal nerve’s ventral root
- found from T1 to L2 spinal levels
Gray: connect sympathetic chain ganglia to spinal nerves & emerges from spinal nerve’s dorsal root
- found at every spinal level

31
Q

Why are gray rami communicantes gray?

A

nonmyelinated nerve fibers
LACK OF MYELIN

32
Q

How do the somatic motor and visceral motor pathways differ anatomically and functionally?

A

Somatic: originates from CNS motor neurons and directly innervates skeletal muscles (only 1 neuron)
Visceral: involves preganglionic and postganglionic neurons and controls involuntary functions of internal organs (2 neuron pathway: CNS to ganglion to effector)

Anatomy (22 decks)

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