Exam 3 Chapter 17 Flashcards
How do hormones reach their target calls?
through the bloodstream
- enter in the capillaries and enter the tissue fluid
- only influence activity of their target cells
What are the three types of stimuli that regulate secretion from endocrine cells?
humoral stimuli, nervous stimuli, or hormonal stimuli
How do tropic hormones secreted by the pituitary differ in action from the other pituitary hormones?
tropic hormones regulate the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands
- nontropic hormones act directly on nonendocrine target tissues
Where are the hormones produced that are secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?
hypothalamus
Where are the hormones produced that are secreted by the anterior lobe?
cells of this gland
Name the target organ for oxytocin.
uterus and breast
Name the target organ for ACTH.
Adrenal cortex
Name the target organ for FHS.
ovaries in females and testes in males
Name the target organs for ADH.
kidneys
What specific region of the adrenal gland produces aldosterone?
zona glomerulosa
- outer layer of the adrenal cortex
Why is the adrenal medulla referred to as a modified sympathetic ganglion?
it secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine when stimulated by preganglionic sympathetic neurons
What hormone directly stimulates the secretion of the glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex and where is this hormone produced?
ACTH produced by anterior pituitary
Where are the endocrine cells of the pancreas located?
pancreatic islets
What structure, other than the ovaries, produces estrogens and progesterone?
in a developing fetus
- produced in placenta
What is the major stimulus for the release of estrogens?
hormonal
What hormone stimulates cell division in the epiphyseal plates of growing bones?
growth hormone
What hormone is involved in water balance and causes the kidneys to conserve water?
antidiuretic hormone
What hormone stimulates milk production?
prolactin
What hormone stimulates milk ejection?
oxytocin
What tropic hormone stimulates the gonads to secrete sex hormones?
luteinizing hormone
What hormone increases basal metabolic rate?
thyroid hormone
What tropic hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone?
thyroid-stimulating hormone
What hormone adjusts blood sugar levels and helps the body cope with stress?
cortisol
What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?
melatonin
What hormone increases blood calcium levels?
parathyroid hormone
What hormone is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?
antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
What hormone is a steroid?
cortisol
What does the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary secrete?
growth hormone, gonadotropins, thyroid-stimulating hormone
What type of hormone is any endocrine cell in the pars distalis?
protein hormone
What type of hormone is the interstitial cell in the testis?
steroid hormone
What type of hormone are parathyroid cells in the parathyroid gland?
protein hormone
What type of hormone is a zone fasciculata cell?
steroid hormone
What type of hormone is a follicle cell in the ovary that secretes sex hormones?
steroid hormone
What type of hormone are parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?
protein hormone
What secretes releasing or inhibiting hormones?
hypothalamic neurons
What do some kidney cells produce?
erythropoietin
What is the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland the same as?
adenohypophysis
What 2 hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?
calcitonin and thyroid hormone
What 2 hormones are produced by the pancreas?
glucagon and insulin
What 2 hormones are produced by the adrenal gland?
cortisol and norepinephrine
What 2 hormones are produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
What 2 hormones are produced by the ovaries?
estrogen and progesterone
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
- anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes seven different hormones.
- infundibulum connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.
- portal veins connect the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
- pars distalis is the largest part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Portal veins connect the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
- Hypophyseal portal system connects hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary gland.
