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Anatomy > Exam 2 Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Define each of the following terms: synarthrosis, syndesmosis, synchondrosis. Which of these terms is a functional classification of joints?

A
  • Synarthrosis: immovable joint (functional joint classification)
  • syndesmosis: fibrous joint where adjoining bones are connected by ligaments (structural classifications)
  • synchondrosis: cartilaginous joint where hyaline cartilage unites adjoining bones (structural classifications)
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2
Q

What types of cartilage are found in a symphysis joint?

A

hyaline cartilage (covers articular joint surface) and fibrocartilage (unites adjoining bones)

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3
Q

Name one location of symphysis joint.

A

between vertebral bodies and joining the pubic bones

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4
Q

List the 6 features common to all synovial joints.

A

1) Articular cartilage
2) Joint cavity
3) Articular capsule
4) Synovial fluid
5) Reinforcing ligaments
6) Nerves and vessels

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5
Q

How does an articular disc differ from articular cartilage?

A

Articular disc is composed of fibrocartilage and is located within the joint cavity.
Articular cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage and covers the adjoining surfaces of all synovial joints.

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6
Q

What are the functions of synovial fluid?

A

Nourishes the cells of the articular cartilage and lubricates the joint surfaces

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7
Q

Name all the movements that occur at the elbow. Classify this joint by shape and whether it’s uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial.

A

flexion and extension
- uniaxial hinge joint

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8
Q

Name all the movements that occur at the hip. Classify this joint by shape and whether it’s uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial.

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
medial and lateral rotation
circumduction
- multiaxial ball-and-socket joint

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9
Q

Name all the movements that occur at the ankle. Classify this joint by shape and whether it’s uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial.

A

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
- uniaxial hinge joint

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10
Q

Name all the movements that occur at the atlantoaxial joint. Classify this joint by shape and whether it’s uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial.

A

Rotation
- uniaxial pivot joint

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11
Q

Name all the movements that occur at the metacarpophalangeal joint. Classify this joint by shape and whether it’s uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial.

A

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Circumduction
- biaxial condylar joint

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12
Q

Define pronation and supination. At what joints do these movements occur?

A

Pronation = medial rotation of the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly
Supination = lateral rotation of the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly
Movement occurs at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

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13
Q

Both the sternoclavicular and temporomandibular joints contain an articular disc. What is the function of this disc in each of these joints?

A

They divide each joint cavity and enable multiple complex movements of each joint.

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14
Q

Which other joint described in this chapter contains an articular disc?

A

The knee

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15
Q

Of the shoulder, elbow, or wrist, which joint is the most stable? Which is the least stable?

A

Elbow = most stable
Shoulder = least stable

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16
Q

What structures contribute most to stability of the shoulder joint?

A

Muscle tendons that cross the shoulder

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17
Q

Which forearm bone forms part of the elbow joint? Which forms part of the wrist joint?

A

Ulna = part of elbow
Radius = part of wrist joint

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18
Q

Name the intracapsular ligaments found in the hip and the knee.

A

Ligament of the head of the femur

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19
Q

Which ligament is injured in an ankle sprain resulting from forceful inversion?

A

lateral ligament

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20
Q

The articular surfaces of the knee contribute little to the stability of this joint. What additional structural features aid in stabilizing the knee?

A

Medial and lateral menisci
Extensive capsular, extracapsular, and intracapsular ligaments
Muscle tone in the quadriceps and hamstring muscles

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21
Q

By what age of development are synovial joints formed?

A

Week 8 of fetal development

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22
Q

Why is an injured joint more susceptible to repeat of the injury following a sprain or subluxation?

A

A sprain stretches the joint capsule and surrounding ligaments.

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23
Q

What type of joint has no joint cavity?

A

fibrous and cartilaginous joints

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24
Q

What joint has types sutures and syndesmoses?

A

fibrous joints

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25
Q

What joint has dense connective tissue filling the space between the bones?

A

fibrous joints

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26
Q

What are almost all the joints in the skull?

A

fibrous joints

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27
Q

What joint has types synchondroses and symphses?

A

cartilaginous joints

28
Q

What joints are all diarthroses?

A

synovial joints

29
Q

What joint is the most common type in the body?

A

synovial joints

30
Q

What joint is nearly all synarthrotic?

A

fibrous and cartilaginous joints

31
Q

What type of joint are shoulder, hip, knee, and elbow joints?

A

synovial joints

32
Q

What are some plane joints?

A

intercarpal joint, intertarsal joint, femoropatellar joint

33
Q

What is the most important factor in determining the stability of synovial joints?

A

ligaments and muscle tone

34
Q

What terms are related to the TMJ? (temporomandibular joint)

A

mandibular fossa, articular tubercle, lateral ligament

35
Q

When does supination occurs?

A

palm face anteriorly

36
Q

What part of a synovial joint keeps the bone ends from crushing when compressed?

A

articular cartilage and synovial fluid

37
Q

What part of a synovial joint resists tension placed on joints?

A

ligaments and fibrous layer of capsule and muscle tendon

38
Q

What part of a synovial joint is a lubricant that minimizes friction and abrasion of joint surfaces?

A

synovial fluid

39
Q

What part of a synovial joint helps prevent dislocation?

A

ligaments and fibrous layer of capsule and muscle tendon

40
Q

What joint contains the medial meniscus?

A

knee joint

41
Q

What joint contains the annular ligament of the radius?

A

elbow joint

42
Q

What joint contains the saddle joint?

A

sternoclavicular joint

43
Q

What joint contains the articular disc?

A

sternoclavicular joint
temporomandibular joint
knee joint

44
Q

What joint contains the rotator cuff?

A

shoulder joint

45
Q

What joint contains the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

knee joint

46
Q

What joint contains the deltoid ligament?

A

ankle joint

47
Q

What joint contains the ulnar collateral ligament?

A

elbow joint
wrist joint

48
Q

What joint contains the fibular collateral ligament?

A

knee joint

49
Q

What type of synovial joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

pivot joint

50
Q

What type of synovial joint is the trapezium and metacarpal I?

A

saddle joint

51
Q

What type of synovial joint is the knee (tibiofemoral)?

A

hinge joint

52
Q

What type of synovial joint is the metacarpophalangeal joint?

A

condylar joint

53
Q

What type of synovial joint is the wrist joint?

A

condylar jiont

54
Q

What type of synovial joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

condylar joint

55
Q

What type of synovial joint is the atlantoaxial joint?

A

pivot joint

56
Q

What type of synovial joint is the sternocostal joints, ribs 2-7?

A

plane joint

57
Q

What type of synovial joint is the intervertebral joints between articular processes?

A

plane joint

58
Q

What type of synovial joint is the acromioclavicular?

A

plane joint

59
Q

Define joint.

A

rigid elements of the skeleton
- can be classified by function or structure

60
Q

Where does synovial fluid come from?

A

capillaries in the synovial membrane
- secreted by fibroblasts

61
Q

While a partially torn ligament can heal itself, a completely torn ligament cannot. Why?

A

A partially torn ligament can heal because some fibers are still intact, allowing for natural healing processes with sufficient blood supply.

62
Q

Name 2 specific examples of a hinge joint.

A

elbow and interphalangeal joints

63
Q

Name 2 specific plane joints.

A

intercarpal and intertarsal joints

64
Q

Name 2 specific condylar joints.

A

Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) and wrist joints

65
Q

Name 2 specific ball-and-socket joints.

A

Shoulder and hip joints

66
Q

What is the most dangerous injury that the intracapsular ligaments tend to suffer from? How can it be treated?

A

A complete tear
- ACL has limited blood supply so surgery is needed

67
Q

What is muscle tone? How does it help to stabilize joints?

A

A constant low level of contractile force generated by a muscle even when it is not causing movement
- keeps tension on the muscle tendons that cross over joints just external to the joint capsule

Anatomy (22 decks)

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