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Anatomy > Exam 2 Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones that form the anterior cranial fossa.

A

frontal bone
ethmoid bone
sphenoid bone

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2
Q

Name the bone that contains crista galli.

A

ethmoid bone

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3
Q

Name the bone that contains mastoid process.

A

temporal bone

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4
Q

Name the bone that contains nuchal line.

A

occipital bone

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5
Q

Name the bone that contains sella turcica.

A

sphenoid bone

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6
Q

Name the bone that contains supraorbital foramen.

A

frontal bone

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7
Q

Name the bone that contains zygomatic process.

A

temporal bone

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8
Q

Which 4 bones articulate with the left parietal bone? Name the sutures that join these bones to the left parietal bone.

A

Right parietal bone via sagittal suture
Frontal bone via coronal suture
Left temporal bone via the squamous suture
Occipital bone via lambdoid suture

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9
Q

Name all the bones that articulate the maxilla.

A

zygomatic, vomer, palatine, nasal, frontal, lacrimal, ethmoid, inferior nasal concha

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10
Q

Which bones or bony processes form the hard palate?

A

horizontal plates of the palatine bones and palatine processes of the maxillae

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11
Q

What are the alveolar processes and on which bones are they located?

A

Superior margin of the mandible and the inferior margin of the maxillae that have teeth in the sockets (alveoli)

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12
Q

Which bones form the nasal conchae? What is the function of those?

A

Ethmoid bone (superior and middle) and inferior nasal conchae
- create turbulence in the air and function to warm, moisten and filter the air

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13
Q

Which of the bones that form the orbit are cranial bones?

A

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid bone

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14
Q

Which of the bones that form the orbit are facial bones?

A

lacrimal, maxillary, zygomatic, palatine bone

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15
Q

Which paranasal sinuses are located along the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoidal air cells and maxillary sinuses

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16
Q

What type of membrane lines all the paranasal sinuses?

A

mucous membrane

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17
Q

Which portion of the intervertebral disc expands under compression?

A

nucleus pulposus and the inner core of the intervertebral disc

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18
Q

Which portion of the intervertebral disc resists twisting forces?

A

outer rings of fibrocartilage and the anulus fibrosus

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19
Q

When and how do the secondary curvatures of the vertebral column develop?

A

Cervical curvature: 3 months when infants can hold up their head
Lumbar curvature: 1 year, when babies start to walk

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20
Q

Why do intervertebral discs usually herniate in the posterolateral direction?

A

anulus fibrosus is thinnest posteriorly but posterior longitudinal ligaments prevent direct posterior herniation

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21
Q

What does the superior articular process of a vertebra articulate with?

A

inferior articular process of the vertebra

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22
Q

Name one feature that is unique for all cervical vertebrae.

A

All cervical vertebrae have transverse foramina

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23
Q

How can you distinguish thoracic vertebra T12 from lumbar vertebra L1?

A

T12 has costal facets on its vertebra body

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24
Q

What part of the vertebra form the median sacral crest?

A

Fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae

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25
Q

Define the sternal angle. Which rib articulates with the sternum here?

A

Sternal angle: junction between manubrium and the body of the sternum
- rib 2 articulates

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26
Q

What specific features of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the head of a rib?

A

superior and inferior costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae

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27
Q

Where does the tubercle of a rib articulate?

A

transverse costal facet

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28
Q

Which skull bones form as two individual bones that fuse during childhood to form a single bone in the adult?

A

frontal bone and mandible

29
Q

What bones are connected by the coronal suture?

A

frontal and parietal

30
Q

What is the keystone bone of the cranium

A

frontal

31
Q

What is the keystone bone of the face?

A

maxillary

32
Q

What are the bones that form the hard palate?

A

maxillary and palatine

33
Q

What bone contains the foramen magnum?

A

occipital

34
Q

What bone forms the chin?

A

mandible

35
Q

What bone contains paranasal sinuses?

A

ethmoid
frontal
maxillary
sphenoid

36
Q

What bone contains mastoid air cells?

A

temporal

37
Q

What is lordosis?

A

accentuated lumbar curvature

38
Q

What part of the sternum articulate at the sternal angle?

A

manubrium and body

39
Q

What is the only rib whose shaft is flattened in the horizontal plane, instead of vertically?

A

first rib

40
Q

What terms are used to describe the sternum?

A

xiphoid process, manubrium, sternal angle

41
Q

What vertebrae has no spinous process?

A

atlas only

42
Q

What vertebrae has a transverse foramen?

A

cervical vertebrae

43
Q

What vertebrae has superior articular facets?

A

all vertebrae

44
Q

What vertebrae has dense process?

A

axis only

45
Q

What vertebrae has transverse costal facets?

A

thoracic vertebrae

46
Q

What vertebrae has a kidney-shaped body?

A

lumbar vertebrae

47
Q

What vertebrae has a forked spinous process?

A

cervical vertebrae except C1 and C7

48
Q

What vertebrae has a circular vertebral foramen?

A

thoracic vertebrae

49
Q

What vertebrae has transverse process?

A

all vertebrae

50
Q

What vertebrae has articular facets directed medially/laterally?

A

lumbar vertebrae

51
Q

What foramen is on the temporal bone?

A

external acoustic meatus

52
Q

What foramen is on the sphenoid bone?

A

foramen ovale

53
Q

What foramen is on the maxillary bone?

A

infraorbital foramen

54
Q

What foramen is on the occipital bone?

A

hypoglossal canal

55
Q

What foramen is on the ethmoid bone?

A

cribriform foramina

56
Q

Name the 4 normal vertebral curvatures. Which are primary and which are secondary?

A

1) cervical curvature - primary
2) thoracic curvature - primary
3) lumbar curvature - secondary
4) sacral curvature - secondary

57
Q

List two specific structural characteristics each for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae that would enable anyone to identify each type correctly.

A

Cervical vertebrae: transverse foramina and spinous processes
Thoracic vertebrae: costal facet and circular vertebral foramen
Lumbar vertebrae: thin transverse process and large, thick vertebral bodies

58
Q

What is the function of intervertebral discs?

A

shock absorbers during movement

59
Q

Distinguish the anulus fibrosus from the nucleus pulposus of a disc.

A

1) Nucleus pulposus is inner sphere (anulus fibrosus is 12 concentric rings)
2) Nucleus pulposus = gelatinous rubber ball (anulus fibrosus = ligament and fibrocartilage)
3) Nucleus pulposus = flexibility and shock absorber (anulus fibrosus = strength and flexibility)

60
Q

Which part herniates in the condition called prolapsed disc?

A

rupture of anulus fibrosus and protrusion of nucleus pulposus

61
Q

Define and give examples of true ribs.

A

superior 7 pairs that directly attach to the sternum by their costal cartilages
- AKA vertebrosternal ribs

62
Q

Define and give examples of false ribs.

A

inferior 5 pairs (ribs 8-12) that attach to the sternum indirectly or not at all
- AKA vertebrochondral ribs

63
Q

Define and give examples of floating ribs.

A

Ribs 11 and 12 have no anterior attachments
- AKA vertebral ribs

64
Q

Describe where the 4 major fontanelles are located in relation to the major sutures of the skull.

A

1) anterior fontanelle = intersection of frontal, sagittal, and coronal suture
2) posterior fontanelle = lambdoid and sagittal suture (near occipital bone)
3) Sphenoidal fontanelle = squamous, coronal, and sphenoid suture
4) mastoid fontanelle = parietal, occipital, and mastoid suture

65
Q

Identify the location of the foramen magnum and name the structures that pass through them.

A

in the occipital bone
- allows passage of the spinal cord from the brain stem to vertebral canal

66
Q

Identify the location of the stylomastoid foramen and name the structures that pass through them.

A

in temporal bone
- passageway for cranial nerve VII ( facial nerve)

67
Q

Identify the location of the foramen ovale and name the structures that pass through them.

A

Sphenoid bone
- passageway for mandibular division of cranial nerve V

68
Q

Identify the location of the supraorbital foramina and name the structures that pass through them.

A

Frontal bone
- passageway for supraorbital arteries and nerves

69
Q

Describe how a typical true rib articulates with both the vertebral column and the sternum.

A

Head of the rib articulates with vertebral body and intervertebral disc of the corresponding thoracic vertebra.
Tubercle of the rib articulates with transverse process of the same thoracic vertebra.
Costal cartilage attaches to the sternum directly/indirectly through the costal cartilage of the ribs anterior to it.

Anatomy (22 decks)

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