Exam 1 Chapter 5

Question 1

What is the meaning of the word roots epi-, hypo-, and derm?

Answer 1

epi- = over
hypo- = below
derm = skin

Question 2

Name 5 major functions of skin

Answer 2

protection, body temperature regulation, excretion, production of vitamin D, sensory reception

Question 3

Which layers of the epidermis contain living cells?

Answer 3

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum

Question 4

Which functions of skin are performed by cells located in the epidermis?

Answer 4

protection, production of vitamin D and sensory reception

Question 5

How does thick skin differ from thin skin in structure?

Answer 5

thick skin has stratum lucidum and a thicker stratum corneum

Question 6

How do the dermal blood vessels regulate body temperature?

Answer 6

they dilate to release heat when the body is warm and constrict to prevent the loss of heat when the body is cold

Question 7

What type of tissue makes up the papillary layer?

Answer 7

loose areolar connective tissue

Question 8

What type of tissue makes up the reticular layer?

Answer 8

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 9

What type of tissue makes up the hypodermis layer?

Answer 9

both loose areolar and adipose connective tissue

Question 10

What types of cells are found in the dermis and how does this contribute to the functions of skin?

Answer 10

Fibroblasts produce collagen and elastic fibers
- fibers give the skin strength, resilience, and elasticity
- macrophages, mast cells, white blood cell fight infections
- adipocytes store energy

Question 11

Which pigment caused the large variation in human skin color?

Answer 11

melanin

Question 12

Should a dark-skinned person living in the northern latitudes have concerns about vitamin D production? Why or why not?

Answer 12

Yes, greater amounts of melanin reduces UV penetration

Question 13

How does the keratin in hair and nails differ from the keratin in the epidermis?

Answer 13

hair and nails = hard keratin
- doesn’t flake off and more durable

Question 14

From what region of skin are the hair and hair follicle derived?

Answer 14

Hair from the epidermal layer
- hair follicle in dermis

Question 15

Place the 3 layers of hair cells in order from deepest to most superficial.

Answer 15

cells of the medulla, cortex, cuticle

Question 16

Why is hair loss due to chemotherapy temporary but hair loss resulting from a severe burn permanent?

Answer 16

Chemotherapy stops cell division of cells = hair fails out, but doesn’t destroy hair follicles

Question 17

Apocrine glands become active in adolescence. Are those also the glands that cause acne?

Answer 17

Acne is from sebaceous glands

Question 18

Which type of tissue forms eccrine glands?

Answer 18

cuboidal epithelium

Question 19

What functions of skin are performed by eccrine glands?

Answer 19

temperature regulation and excretion

Question 20

Which epidermal cell type functions in the immune system?

Answer 20

dendritic cell

Question 21

Which epidermal layer has desmosomes and shrinkage artifacts that give its cells “spiny” projections?

Answer 21

stratum spinosum

Question 22

Which epidermal layer has flat, dead bags of keratin as cells?

Answer 22

stratum corneum or lucidem

Question 23

Which epidermal layer has cell division and nicknamed stratum germinativum?

Answer 23

stratum basale

Question 24

Which epidermal layer has keratohyalin and lamellated granules?

Answer 24

stratum granulosum

Question 25

Which epidermal layer is only found in thick skin?

Answer 25

stratum lucidum

Question 26

The ability of the epidermis to resist rubbing and abrasion is due to what?

Answer 26

the presence of keratin

Question 27

Skin color is determined by what?

Answer 27

melanin, carotene and oxygenation level of the blood

Question 28

What is the major factor accounting for the waterproof nature of the skin?

Answer 28

glycolipid between stratum corneum cells

Question 29

What is true about papillary dermis?

Answer 29

It includes dermal papillae.
It consists of areolar connective tissue.
It creates each person’s unique fingerprints

Question 30

Where is the highest rate of skin cancer on Earth?

Answer 30

whites in northern Australia

Question 31

What does the arrector pili muscle do?

Answer 31

causes the hair to stand up straight

Question 32

What does stratum corneum contain?

Answer 32

glycolipids

Question 33

What is vitiligo?

Answer 33

an autoimmune disorder

Question 34

What does the reticular layer of the dermis do?

Answer 34

provides strength and elasticity to the skin

Question 35

What skin structure has protection from UV radiation?

Answer 35

melanocytes

Question 36

What skin structure has insulation and energy storage?

Answer 36

hypodermis

Question 37

What skin structure has waterproofing and prevention of water loss?

Answer 37

stratum corneum

Question 38

What skin structure has temperature regulation?

Answer 38

dermal vascular plexuses and eccrine sweat glands

Question 39

What skin structure has initiation of an immune response to invading bacteria?

Answer 39

dendritic cells

Question 40

What skin structure has excretion of water, urea, and salts?

Answer 40

eccrine sweat glands

Question 41

What skin structure helps in bonding the epithelium to the dermis?

Answer 41

papillary layer of the dermis

Question 42

What primary tissue forms the epidermis?

Answer 42

epithelial tissue

Question 43

What primary tissue forms the reticular layer of the dermis?

Answer 43

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 44

What primary tissue forms the hypodermis?

Answer 44

adipose tissue and areolar connective tissue

Question 45

What primary tissue forms the papillary layer of the dermis

Answer 45

areolar connective tissue

Question 46

What primary tissue forms the apocrine sweat glands?

Answer 46

epithelial tissue

Question 47

What primary tissue forms the hair follicle?

Answer 47

epithelial tissue and dense irregular connective tissue

Question 48

What primary tissue forms the nails

Answer 48

epithelial tissue