Exam 1 Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is the meaning of the word roots epi-, hypo-, and derm?
epi- = over
hypo- = below
derm = skin
Name 5 major functions of skin
protection, body temperature regulation, excretion, production of vitamin D, sensory reception
Which layers of the epidermis contain living cells?
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum
Which functions of skin are performed by cells located in the epidermis?
protection, production of vitamin D and sensory reception
How does thick skin differ from thin skin in structure?
thick skin has stratum lucidum and a thicker stratum corneum
How do the dermal blood vessels regulate body temperature?
they dilate to release heat when the body is warm and constrict to prevent the loss of heat when the body is cold
What type of tissue makes up the papillary layer?
loose areolar connective tissue
What type of tissue makes up the reticular layer?
dense irregular connective tissue
What type of tissue makes up the hypodermis layer?
both loose areolar and adipose connective tissue
What types of cells are found in the dermis and how does this contribute to the functions of skin?
Fibroblasts produce collagen and elastic fibers
- fibers give the skin strength, resilience, and elasticity
- macrophages, mast cells, white blood cell fight infections
- adipocytes store energy
Which pigment caused the large variation in human skin color?
melanin
Should a dark-skinned person living in the northern latitudes have concerns about vitamin D production? Why or why not?
Yes, greater amounts of melanin reduces UV penetration
How does the keratin in hair and nails differ from the keratin in the epidermis?
hair and nails = hard keratin
- doesn’t flake off and more durable
From what region of skin are the hair and hair follicle derived?
Hair from the epidermal layer
- hair follicle in dermis
Place the 3 layers of hair cells in order from deepest to most superficial.
cells of the medulla, cortex, cuticle
Why is hair loss due to chemotherapy temporary but hair loss resulting from a severe burn permanent?
Chemotherapy stops cell division of cells = hair fails out, but doesn’t destroy hair follicles
Apocrine glands become active in adolescence. Are those also the glands that cause acne?
Acne is from sebaceous glands
Which type of tissue forms eccrine glands?
cuboidal epithelium
What functions of skin are performed by eccrine glands?
temperature regulation and excretion
Which epidermal cell type functions in the immune system?
dendritic cell
Which epidermal layer has desmosomes and shrinkage artifacts that give its cells “spiny” projections?
stratum spinosum
Which epidermal layer has flat, dead bags of keratin as cells?
stratum corneum or lucidem
Which epidermal layer has cell division and nicknamed stratum germinativum?
stratum basale
Which epidermal layer has keratohyalin and lamellated granules?
stratum granulosum
Which epidermal layer is only found in thick skin?
stratum lucidum
The ability of the epidermis to resist rubbing and abrasion is due to what?
the presence of keratin
Skin color is determined by what?
melanin, carotene and oxygenation level of the blood
What is the major factor accounting for the waterproof nature of the skin?
glycolipid between stratum corneum cells
What is true about papillary dermis?
It includes dermal papillae.
It consists of areolar connective tissue.
It creates each person’s unique fingerprints
Where is the highest rate of skin cancer on Earth?
whites in northern Australia
What does the arrector pili muscle do?
causes the hair to stand up straight
What does stratum corneum contain?
glycolipids
What is vitiligo?
an autoimmune disorder
What does the reticular layer of the dermis do?
provides strength and elasticity to the skin
What skin structure has protection from UV radiation?
melanocytes
What skin structure has insulation and energy storage?
hypodermis
What skin structure has waterproofing and prevention of water loss?
stratum corneum
What skin structure has temperature regulation?
dermal vascular plexuses and eccrine sweat glands
What skin structure has initiation of an immune response to invading bacteria?
dendritic cells
What skin structure has excretion of water, urea, and salts?
eccrine sweat glands
What skin structure helps in bonding the epithelium to the dermis?
papillary layer of the dermis
What primary tissue forms the epidermis?
epithelial tissue
What primary tissue forms the reticular layer of the dermis?
dense irregular connective tissue
What primary tissue forms the hypodermis?
adipose tissue and areolar connective tissue
What primary tissue forms the papillary layer of the dermis
areolar connective tissue
What primary tissue forms the apocrine sweat glands?
epithelial tissue
What primary tissue forms the hair follicle?
epithelial tissue and dense irregular connective tissue
What primary tissue forms the nails
epithelial tissue
