Exam 1 Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is the difference between histology and radiography?
Histology: microscopic study of tissue structure
Radiography: study of internal body structures from xx-ray and other imaging techniques
Define pathology
study of disease
Define hepatitis
inflammation of liver
Define brachial
arm
Define leukocyte
white cell
Define pneumonia
condition of air
Define a tissue. List the 4 types of tissues in the body and state the function of each.
tissue: group of cells and associated extracellular material of similar structure with a common function
1) Epithelial tissue: covering or lining tissue
2) Connective tissue: functions in support and protection
3) Muscle tissue: produces movement
4) Nervous tissue: allows for internal communication by electrical impulses
What organ system eliminates wastes and regulates water and ion balance?
urinary system
What organ system is fast-acting control system that integrates body activities?
nervous system
What organ system supplies blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide?
respiratory system
Describe the location of the liver in reference to the heart using directional terms.
The liver is inferior to the heart and extends laterally in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen.
What is the outer layer of serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity called?
parietal pleural effusion
What is the correct sequence of levels forming the body’s structural hierarchy?
chemical
cellular
tissue
organ
organ system
organismal
Fill in the blank: the heart is located ___ to the diaphragm.
superior
Fill in the blank: the muscles are ___ to the skin.
deep
Fill in the blank: the shoulder is ___ to the elbow.
proximal
Fill in the blank: in anatomical position, the thumb is ___ to the index finger.
lateral
Fill in the blank: the vertebral region is ___ to the scapular region.
medial
Fill in the blank: the nose is ___ to the chin.
superior
Fill in the blank: the toes are ___ to the heel.
anterior
Which cavity is the brain in?
cranial
Which cavity is the digestive viscera in?
abdominal
What cavity are the lungs in?
thoracic
What cavity is the urinary bladder in?
pelvic
Which cavity is the heart in?
thoracic
Which cavity is the spinal cord in?
vertebral
What cavity are the reproductive organs in?
pelvic
Which of organs are cut by the midsagittal plane of the body?
urinary bladder, small intestine, heart
What abdominopelvic quadrant is the spleen in?
LUQ
What abdominopelvic quadrant is the initial part of sigmoid colon in?
LLQ
What abdominopelvic quadrant is gallbladder in?
RUQ
What abdominopelvic quadrant is cecum in?
RLQ
Fill in the blank: the ventral surface of the body is the same as its ___ surface.
anterior
What serous membrane covers the surface of the heart?
visceral pericardium
What serous membrane forms the outer lining of the pericardium?
parietal pericardium
What serous membrane lines the wall of the thoracic cavity?
parietal pleura
What serous membrane covers the outer membrane of the small intestine?
visceral peritoneum
What is histology similar to?
microscopic anatomy
Describe the anatomical position and assume this position.
person stands straight with feet flat on the floor, toes pointed forward and eyes facing forward
palms face anteriorly with thumbs pointed away from the body
What organ system are the following organs part of: thymus, thyroid, ovary, pancreas?
endocrine system
What organ system are the following organs part of: nasal cavity, larynx, bronchi, lungs?
respiratory system
What organ system are the following organs part of: kidney, ureter, urethra?
urinary system
What is bilateral symmetry? Name some abdominal organs that are not symmetrical.
bilateral symmetry: left and right sides are mirror images
examples: stomach and liver
What is the formal regional term for arm?
brachial
What is the formal regional term for chest?
thorax
What is the formal regional term for thigh?
femoral
What is the formal regional term for navel?
umbilical
What is the formal regional term for limbs?
appendages
Define superior/inferior, dorsal/ventral, medial/lateral, and superficial/deep.
Superior/inferior: top of head to bottom of the body
Dorsal/ventral OR Posterior/anterior: back of the body to the front of the body
Medial/lateral: middle of body to the ends of the body
Superficial/deep OR external/internal: body surface to inner body
What are the cavities in the dorsal and ventral cavities?
dorsal: cranial and vertebral cavity
ventral: Thoracic (superior mediastinum, pleural, pericardial), abdominal, and pelvic
What is the sacral, cervical, and carpal regions of a female?
sacral: between lower back and tailbone
cervical: neck
carpal: wrist
