Exam 4 Chapter 21

Question 1

What structural feature of lymphatic capillaries makes them permeable to tissue fluid? How does this differ from the features that make blood capillaries permeable?

Answer 1

Endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries have intercellular junction edges that overlap = easily opened minivalves
Blood capillaries have tight junctions with intercellular clefts = permeability

Question 2

In which group of lymph nodes would the sentinel node be located in a patient with throat cancer?

Answer 2

cervical node

Question 3

In which group of lymph nodes would the sentinel node be located in a patient with breast cancer?

Answer 3

axillary node

Question 4

In which group of lymph nodes would the sentinel node be located in a patient with cervical cancer?

Answer 4

iliac node

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Fatty lymph, pick up by the lacteals in the small intestine, travels through the ____ trunk into the ____ duct and empties into venous circulation at the junction of the ___ and ___ veins.

Answer 5

• intestinal trunk
• thoracic duct
• left internal jugular
• left subclavian veins

Question 6

Where do cytotoxic T lymphocytes gain immunocompetence?

Answer 6

thymus

Question 7

Which immune cells will respond to an infection caused by a bacterial agent?

Answer 7

B lymphocytes

Question 8

Which type of lymphocyte is found in lymphoid follicles?

Answer 8

B lymphocytes

Question 9

What occurs at the germinal center of a lymphoid follicle?

Answer 9

• Lymphoid follicle is derived from the activation of a B cell
• cell division occurs at the germinal center, producing new B cells that migrate from the follicle to become plasma cells

Question 10

What is the function of red pulp in the spleen?

Answer 10

defective blood cells are phagocytized by macrophages

Question 11

Where are T lymphocytes located in lymph nodes?

Answer 11

deeper portions of the cortex and in the medullary cords of the medulla

Question 12

Which part of the intestine contains aggregated lymphoid nodules?

Answer 12

ileum of the small intestine

Question 13

A few days after a cat scratched his hand, John noticed thin red lines extending from his hand up through his forearm. What is the cause of these marks?

Answer 13

Lymphangitis: inflammation of a lymphatic vessel due to infection

Question 14

What are lymphatic capillaries made of?

Answer 14

endothelial cells separated by flap-like minivalves that open wide

Question 15

What does the basic structural framework of most lymphoid organs consist of?

Answer 15

reticular connective tissue

Question 16

What lymphoid organs are parts of MALT?

Answer 16

Appendix
Peyer’s patches
tonsils

Question 17

What are the germinal centers in lymph nodes sites of?

Answer 17

proliferating B lymphocytes

Question 18

What is true about the thymus?

Answer 18

It starts atrophying in late adolescence

Question 19

What lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the thymus?

Answer 19

T lymphocytes

Question 20

What lymphoid organs have a cortex and a medulla?

Answer 20

lymph nodes and thymus

Question 21

What lymphoid organs contain lymphoid follicles or germinal centers?

Answer 21

lymph nodes
spleen
aggregated lymphoid nodules
tonsils

Question 22

Which part of the body does the thoracic duct drain lymph from?

Answer 22

left side of the neck
both the lower limbs
left half of the head