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LA DX & TX II > Exam 3 - Preputial Injuries > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Preputial Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

the _____ ______ must telescope out with the penis during an erection

A

preputial lamina

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2
Q

why are preputial diverticulum a problem in pigs?

A

they secrete mucus & trap urine & can contaminate things

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3
Q

what animals do we commonly identify preputial frenulums?

A

virgin animal BSEs or 1st breeding season

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4
Q

what cows have their fertility affected by preputial frenulums? which do not?

A

bos taurus cows are hindered!

bos indicus stay unbothered

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5
Q

how do you diagnose a persistent preputial frenulum?

A

exteriorization of the penis - can be done manually, immobilizer (less intense vibrator), electroejaculator, or pudendal nerve block

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6
Q

why cull cattle with a persistent preputial frenulum? what should you do with your terminal sire bulls?

A

it is a heritable condition

ligate & transect on bulls used as terminal sires - all their calves will be food

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7
Q

what is the normal/appropriate appearance of a prepuce of a bull?

A

prepuce should not hang lower than a line drawn from the carpus to the tarsus

slope of the prepuce should match the line of the slope of the stifle to the front hoof

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8
Q

how do you know you have a preputial prolapse?

A

you are constantly & consistently seeing the internal lamina of the penis

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9
Q

what are the 2 ways that preputial prolapses occur?

A

loose attachment to the body wall/increased preputial length/lazy

underdeveloped/absent retractor muscle in polled animals!!!

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10
Q

what is the grading system used for preputial prolapse/preutial injuries?

A

grades I-IV

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11
Q

how does the prepuce become injured during breeding from trauma within the vagina?

A

preputial tissue is trapped between the bull’s abdomen & cow’s pelvis - causes rupture of the prepuce

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12
Q

what can cause preputial prolapse trauma?

A

damage to the parietal layer, urine irritation, or mechanical trauma

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13
Q

for preputial injuries in bos taurus breeds, incidence is associated with what?

A

trauma with breeding - pulled into the preputial cavity resulting in cellulitis, stenosis, or abscesses

owner calls - bull isn’t breeding cows, may have noticeable bulge in prepuce

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14
Q

for preputial injuries in bos indicus breeds, incidence is associated with what?

A

trauma associated with breeding or repetitive prolapse - edema causes prolapse, & they can’t retract the inner lamina which results in repeated trauma

owner calls - bull can’t pull their wiener in, it’s sticking out, usually out on pasture

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15
Q

how are preputial injuries diagnosed?

A

exteriorize the penis

use ultrasound/endoscope if it’s within the sheath

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16
Q

how is a pudendal nerve block done? what are the benefits of doing it?

A

insert the needle into the ischiorectal fossa & direct it to the nerve

allows the bull to stand - can’t keep the penis retracted

17
Q

what are the 2 stages of treatment for preputial injuries?

A

stage 1 - reduce edema, inflammation, prolapse, & treat infection

sling the prepuce up against the abdomen to reduce edema - micotil is the best abx for penetrating the prepuce (1 dose = 1 week)

stage 2 - depends on prognosis
good healing, minimal scarring, & stricture - sexual rest with or without forced retention

deep laceration, scarring - resection & anastomosis of the sheath

18
Q

what are the limitations of surgery for preputial injuries?

A

must treat infection prior to doing surgery!!

need enough prepuce to have effective breeding of a cow

wedge resections cause fibrosis & scarring

reefing = removing only one layer

amputation/R&A = removing both layers

19
Q

what is preputial avulsion?

A

prepuce detaches from the preputial ring near the free portion of the penis that is typically seen during AI collection with hemorrhage post collection & the inability to retract the penis well

20
Q

what is the treatment used for preputial avulsion?

A

can achieve primary closure if clean & fresh - sedate, block, control hemorrhage, & suture with a taper needle

sexual rest

21
Q

what is the problem with preputial hair rings? what is the treatment?

A

can cause focal necrosis, but usually are self-limiting

may have to go to surgery to treat penile damage

22
Q

what are preputial erosions? what animals do we commonly see this in? how do we treat it?

A

area dorsal to the prepuce (between the prepuce & body wall) gets eroded & chronically ulcerated - heavy show rams in small pens with extended recumbency!

surgery is necessary!

23
Q

why are preputial abscesses a problem?

A

they cause damage to the inner lamina of the prepuce - you must drain them!!!!

very high risk of adhesions!!!! will likely not breed again!!!!

24
Q

how do you prevent the development of preputial diverticulums in pigs?

A

castrate them before 2 weeks old to prevent the development!!!

they can retain urine, odor, inflammation, diverticulitis & lead to abscess formation if the opening gets blocked

25
Q

can you remove the preputial diverticulum from a pig?

A

yup

26
Q

what makes up the prepuce?

A

external lamina (haired paired), internal lamina (inside part), & penis

27
Q

who’s penis is this???

A

pig!!!

has preputial diverticulum

28
Q

who’s penis is this???

A

small ruminant!

29
Q

what is on this penis?

A

preputial frenulum

30
Q

what is an example of a stage II preputial prolapse/injury in a bull? what is the prognosis?

A

prolapsed prepuce has moderate to severe edema & may have superficial lacerations or slight necrosis but not evidence of fibrosis

surgery is recommended with a good to guarded prognosis

31
Q

what is wrong with this penis?

A

preputial avulsion

32
Q

what is wrong with this penis?

A

preputial hair ring

33
Q

what is wrong with this penis?

A

preputial erosion

34
Q

what is wrong with this penis?

A

preputial abscess

LA DX & TX II (44 decks)

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