Exam 3 - Preputial Injuries Flashcards
the _____ ______ must telescope out with the penis during an erection
preputial lamina
why are preputial diverticulum a problem in pigs?
they secrete mucus & trap urine & can contaminate things
what animals do we commonly identify preputial frenulums?
virgin animal BSEs or 1st breeding season
what cows have their fertility affected by preputial frenulums? which do not?
bos taurus cows are hindered!
bos indicus stay unbothered
how do you diagnose a persistent preputial frenulum?
exteriorization of the penis - can be done manually, immobilizer (less intense vibrator), electroejaculator, or pudendal nerve block
why cull cattle with a persistent preputial frenulum? what should you do with your terminal sire bulls?
it is a heritable condition
ligate & transect on bulls used as terminal sires - all their calves will be food
what is the normal/appropriate appearance of a prepuce of a bull?
prepuce should not hang lower than a line drawn from the carpus to the tarsus
slope of the prepuce should match the line of the slope of the stifle to the front hoof
how do you know you have a preputial prolapse?
you are constantly & consistently seeing the internal lamina of the penis
what are the 2 ways that preputial prolapses occur?
loose attachment to the body wall/increased preputial length/lazy
underdeveloped/absent retractor muscle in polled animals!!!
what is the grading system used for preputial prolapse/preutial injuries?
grades I-IV
how does the prepuce become injured during breeding from trauma within the vagina?
preputial tissue is trapped between the bull’s abdomen & cow’s pelvis - causes rupture of the prepuce
what can cause preputial prolapse trauma?
damage to the parietal layer, urine irritation, or mechanical trauma
for preputial injuries in bos taurus breeds, incidence is associated with what?
trauma with breeding - pulled into the preputial cavity resulting in cellulitis, stenosis, or abscesses
owner calls - bull isn’t breeding cows, may have noticeable bulge in prepuce
for preputial injuries in bos indicus breeds, incidence is associated with what?
trauma associated with breeding or repetitive prolapse - edema causes prolapse, & they can’t retract the inner lamina which results in repeated trauma
owner calls - bull can’t pull their wiener in, it’s sticking out, usually out on pasture
how are preputial injuries diagnosed?
exteriorize the penis
use ultrasound/endoscope if it’s within the sheath
how is a pudendal nerve block done? what are the benefits of doing it?
insert the needle into the ischiorectal fossa & direct it to the nerve
allows the bull to stand - can’t keep the penis retracted
what are the 2 stages of treatment for preputial injuries?
stage 1 - reduce edema, inflammation, prolapse, & treat infection
sling the prepuce up against the abdomen to reduce edema - micotil is the best abx for penetrating the prepuce (1 dose = 1 week)
stage 2 - depends on prognosis
good healing, minimal scarring, & stricture - sexual rest with or without forced retention
deep laceration, scarring - resection & anastomosis of the sheath
what are the limitations of surgery for preputial injuries?
must treat infection prior to doing surgery!!
need enough prepuce to have effective breeding of a cow
wedge resections cause fibrosis & scarring
reefing = removing only one layer
amputation/R&A = removing both layers
what is preputial avulsion?
prepuce detaches from the preputial ring near the free portion of the penis that is typically seen during AI collection with hemorrhage post collection & the inability to retract the penis well
what is the treatment used for preputial avulsion?
can achieve primary closure if clean & fresh - sedate, block, control hemorrhage, & suture with a taper needle
sexual rest
what is the problem with preputial hair rings? what is the treatment?
can cause focal necrosis, but usually are self-limiting
may have to go to surgery to treat penile damage
what are preputial erosions? what animals do we commonly see this in? how do we treat it?
area dorsal to the prepuce (between the prepuce & body wall) gets eroded & chronically ulcerated - heavy show rams in small pens with extended recumbency!
surgery is necessary!
why are preputial abscesses a problem?
they cause damage to the inner lamina of the prepuce - you must drain them!!!!
very high risk of adhesions!!!! will likely not breed again!!!!
how do you prevent the development of preputial diverticulums in pigs?
castrate them before 2 weeks old to prevent the development!!!
they can retain urine, odor, inflammation, diverticulitis & lead to abscess formation if the opening gets blocked
