Exam 1 - Equine Traumatic Joint Disease Flashcards
what 2 components make up the articular cartilage?
extracellular matrix - water, collagens, proteoglycans, & glycoproteins
chondrocytes
what are the components of the extracellular matrix responsible for?
collagen - type II, responsible for tensile strength
proteoglycans - aggrecan, hold water in the joint & compressive strength
glycoproteins - link proteins
what are the components that regulate the extracellular matrix? why can this be bad in the case of joint disease?
anabolic - growth factors
catabolic - cytokines & degradation enzymes
the catabolic state can turn against itself and become even more destructive
what are the synoviocytes responsible for in the synovial fluid?
phagocytosis
secretory - hyaluronon/lubricin & inflammatories mediators
T/F: there are no basement membranes in synovium
true
T/F: plasma ultra-filtrate of joints good indicator of overall joint health
true
what is responsible for boundary lubrication in the synovial fluid?
hyaluronon/lubricin
what is responsible for nutrients/waste removal in the synovial fluid?
chondrocytes
what is OA?
permanent & progressive cartilage degeneration
what may be seen on arthroscopy of a joint with OA?
fibrillation, wear lines, & erosions
T/F: cartilage is rather ineffective in repairing itself
true
what clinical signs are seen in a horse with OA?
lameness, effusion around the joint, enlargement of bony structures (body’s attempt to stabilize), decreased ROM, +/- deformity
may have asymmetrical collapse especially in the digits
what is seen on rads that is indicative of OA?
decreased joint space, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, & periosteal new bone formation
what therapy is typically indicated for traumatic joint disease injuries for conservative therapy?
RICE
rest, ice, & compression - not too much elevation
NSAIDS/cortocosteroids/PSGAGS
why is caution needed when using NSAIDS for traumatic joint disease in horses?
they can disrupt the body’s natural defense mechanisms & cause injury to the stomach, kidneys, endothelium, & platelets
what is the purpose of using hyaluranon for joint injections in horses with traumatic joint injuries?
provides a boundary lubricant & steric hinderance to help form a barrier & potentially help induce endogenous hyaluranon
what is an IL1-RAP intraarticular product?
as useful as steroid but doesn’t have all the adverse effects
what are some clinical diseases that can result in OA in horses?
synovitis/capsulitis
OCD, intra-articular fractures, & primary OA
when do we see synovitis/capsulitis in horses?
as a result of a repetitive soft tissue injury affecting the synoviocytes
what is the pathogenesis of osteochondral fragmentation in horses?
repetitive loading - typically on the front legs - with high impact causing chronic damage, remodeling, & acute overload
what are some components that may predispose a horse to developing osteochondral fragmentation?
conformation, surface they exercise on, foot/shoes, & speed/distance
what intra-articular fractures are commonly seen in race horses?
C3 slab fracture, condylar fracture, & sagittal P1 fracture
what is the pathogenesis of intra-articular fractures in horses?
repetitive loading of high impact leading to chronic damage, remodeling, & acute overload of the joint
what horses do we commonly see with primary DJD?
race horses & quarter horses
