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LA DX & TX II > Exam 2 - Anaplasma, Babesia, & Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Anaplasma, Babesia, & Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

what is the agent that causes anaplasmosis?

A

rickettsial organism - anaplasma marginale

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2
Q

what is anaplasmosis?

A

infectious, transmissible disease of cattle, sheep, & goats

(not really sheep & goats)

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3
Q

what is the epidemiology of anaplasmosis?

A

reported in atleast 40 states

requires a good vector & carrier animals

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4
Q

what are the vectors that transmit anaplasmosis?

A

ticks - dermacentor, boophilus

flies - tabanids, horn flies, & stable flies (mechanical transmission)

iatrogenic

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5
Q

T/F: the severity of disease from anaplasmosis increases with increasing age of the animal

A

true

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6
Q

what are the 4 stages of anaplasmosis?

A
  1. incubation
  2. acute disease - 1% of RBC infected
  3. convalescent stage - lasts 3-4 weeks
  4. carrier stage for life
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7
Q

what is the incubation period of anaplasmosis?

A

21-45 days

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8
Q

what clinical signs are seen in the acute stage of anaplasmosis?

A

acute death!!!

initially febrile, anorexia/drop in milk/lethargic, rumen stasis, tachycardia from anemia, aggressive, dry muzzle, staggering gait, pale mucus membranes, dry dry poop constipation with dark brown to bronze color stool

NO HEMOGLOBINURIA (you have extravascular hemolysis, so it doesn’t go into the urine!!)

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9
Q

what clinical signs are seen in cows in the convalescent stage of cows with anaplasmosis?

A

weight loss, icterus, ill thrift, & may last a long time

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10
Q

what clinical signs are seen in sheep & goats in the convalescent period of anaplasmosis?

A

mostly are asymptomatic but can be similarly affected like cows

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11
Q

how is anaplasmosis diagnosed in a cow the acute period of the disease?

A

PCV falls dramatically within 24-48 hours, normal total protein but dehydrated, look at a blood smear!!!! look for the organism & evidence of regeneration because sometimes the organism won’t be found on the slide (organism doesn’t stay around for long)

look at evidence of hyperbilirubinemia/hyperbilirubinuria

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12
Q

you see this on a blood smear of a cow that has a 9% PCV with weakness, constipation, tachycardia, thin/watery blood, splenomegaly, & pale to icteric mucus membranes - what is this?

A

anaplasmosis

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13
Q

what is the pathophysiology of anaplasmosis?

A

transmitted to the animal - organism invades mature erythrocytes & signs appear when 1% of red cells are affected

cells are removed from circulation & autoantibodies are produced - organisms are not completely cleared due to antigenic variants

no 100% long term immunity - can see recrudescence in carriers

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14
Q

how is a carrier animal with anaplasmosis diagnosed?

A

PCR - blood smears aren’t reliable

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15
Q

what is the goal of treatment for anaplasmosis?

A

stop clinical signs - don’t want to completely eradicate anaplasma

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16
Q

what is the treatment for anaplasmosis?

A

1-2 treatments of oxytetracycline 72 hours apart at 20mg/kg - blood transfusion can be done if necessary

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17
Q

what is the official test needed for anaplasmosis to clear cattle for transport?

A

PCR!!!

18
Q

what is the prevention/control used for anaplasmosis in endemic areas?

A

oral chlortetracycline - 1.1mg/kg/animal/day

1lb of the aureo 50 = enough to treat 10 cows

helps control signs - doesn’t treat or clear carriers

19
Q

what prevention/control is used for anaplasmosis in dairy cows?

A

oxytetracycline approved for lactating dairy animals

20
Q

what general prevention/control is used for anaplasmosis in endemic areas?

A

prevent iatrogenic spread, external parasite control

no vaccine licensed in US - only can get in louisiana with permission from state veterinarian

21
Q

what is another name for babesiosis?

A

texas cattle fever

22
Q

what agents cause texas cattle fever?

A

babesia bigemini

babesia bovis

23
Q

what ticks transmit babesia?

A

rhipicephalus annulatus - cattle fever tick

rhipicephalus microplus - southern cattle tick

24
Q

_____ tend to be immune to clinical signs from babesia & become asymptomatic carriers while ______ _____ are most susceptible to developing clinical disease

A

calves

adult cattle

25
Q

what clinical signs are seen with babesiosis in cattle?

A

HEMOGLOBINURIA FROM INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS

fever, icterus, pale mucus membranes, tachycardia/tachypnea, lethargy, weakness, & acute death

26
Q

how is babesia diagnosed?

A

anemia & increased hemoglobin seen on patient’s labs

identify organism on specially stained slide (giemsa stain)

27
Q

you have a cow that presents with hemoglobinuria, pale mucus membranes, & icterus, & you see this on a giemsa stained blood smear - what is your diagnosis?

A

babesiosis

28
Q

what is the treatment & control used for babesiosis?

A

injectable doramectin every 4 weeks for 6-9 months

dipping every one to two weeks for 6-9 months

tick control in livestock & wildlife - zones on the border to prevent further spread up north

29
Q

what clinical signs are associated with mycoplasma in cattle?

A

NO HEMOGLOBINURIA

udder edema, hind limb edema, scrotal edema

30
Q

what does mycoplasma wenyonii cause in cattle?

A

hemolytic anemia

31
Q

what are the typical lab findings associated with hemolytic anemia from mycoplasma?

A

increased GGT, increased bilirubin, decreased PCV, & NORMAL total protein

32
Q

how is hemolytic anemia caused by mycoplasma diagnosed in cows?

A

rule out other causes such as anaplasmosis, lab findings of hemolytic anemia, blood film, & PCR

33
Q

what treatment is indicated for hemolytic anemia caused by mycoplasma in cattle?

A

oxytetracycline at 20mg/kg IM every 3 days - 4 times

34
Q

what clinical signs are seen with mycoplasma infection in camelids?

A

weight loss & mild anemia

35
Q

what treatment is indicated for mycoplasma infection in camelids?

A

oxytetracycline

36
Q

how is a mycoplasma infection diagnosed in camelids?

A

rule out other differentials - do a blood film

37
Q

what agent causes mycoplasma infection in camelids?

A

mycoplasma haemolamae

38
Q

you see this on a blood smear of a camelid, what is it?

A

mycoplasma haemolamae

39
Q

T/F: anaplasmosis & babesiosis are highly fatal disease in cattle

A

true

40
Q

do we commonly treat animals with babesiosis?

A

no - high velocity intracranial lead treatment

41
Q

you see this on a cow’s blood smear that has hemolytic anemia & edema on the distal limbs, what is it?

A

mycoplasma wenyonii - agent on the periphery of the red blood cell

LA DX & TX II (44 decks)

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