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LA DX & TX II > Exam 1 - Equine Developmental Bone Disease > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Equine Developmental Bone Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what growth plate is responsible for longitudinal bone growth in long bones?

A

metaphyseal growth plate

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2
Q

why does osteochondrosis occur?

A

ossification of the bone is disrupted resulting in failure of vascularization & cartilage retention

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3
Q

what components act on the retained cartilage resulting in OCD & sub-chondral bone cysts?

A

shear forces - OCD

compressive forces - bone cysts

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4
Q

what are some causative factors of osteochondrosis in horses?

A

size/growth rate

nutrition - not properly balanced diets

hereditary

cartilage canals

biomechanical factors

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5
Q

T/F: there can be a breed dependent component for OCD in horses

A

true - standardbred horses & OCD in the distal tibia

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6
Q

how do the cartilage canals play a role in the development of osteochondrosis?

A

there is no blood or nerve supply apart from the cartilage canals

failure of vascularization leads to necrosis

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7
Q

what clinical signs are seen with OCD in horses?

A

history, effusion is the most common & consistent sign

lameness may be variable

will see in immature/growing horses

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8
Q

what joints are commonly affected by OCD in horses?

A

effusion is consistent in:

femoropatellar, tarsocrural, mc/mt-phalangeal joints

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9
Q

T/F: with OCD in horses, you will usually see it bilaterally

A

true

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10
Q

what may be seen on a joint fluid cytology of a horse with OCD?

A

effusion is likely watery with mild inflammation

normal synovial fluid

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11
Q

what does cytology of a normal joint entail?

A

high viscosity - good mucin clot & stringy pull

nucleated cells <500/uL

mostly mononuclear cells - synoviocytes & few small lymphocytes

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12
Q

what cytology of a joint indicates sepsis?

A

marked elevations of WBC, >15,000/uL

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13
Q

what values are consistent with inflammation when looking at synovial fluid cytology?

A

mild elevations from 1,000-10,000 WBC

can see with trauma, DJD, degenerative disorders, & some infectious processes

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14
Q

what may be seen on rads that is indicative of OCD?

A

subchondral bone defect, sclerosis, & +/- bony fragment

BILATERALLY

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15
Q

where is OCD commonly seen in the femoropatellar joint?

A

lateral trochlear ridge & patella

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16
Q

where is OCD commonly seen in the tarsocrural joint?

A

distal intermediate ridge of the tibia & lateral trochlear ridge of the tarsus

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17
Q

where is OCD commonly seen in the metacarpophalangeal joint?

A

sagittal ridge of the fetlock

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18
Q

where is OCD commonly seen in the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenoid or humeral head

19
Q

why is conservative management of OCD in a horse a bad idea?

A

leaving the bony fragment will cause OA & more permanent changes

20
Q

why is surgery done on a horse with OCD in the stifle when they are at least 1 year of age?

A

lets the animal mature more in the stifle

21
Q

when may conservative treatment be pursued in a horse with OCD?

A

it is in the stifle or fetlock, (stifle patient is <1 year old), & there is NO FRAGMENT

22
Q

what is the best treatment for OCD in horses?

A

surgical removal of the bony fragment

23
Q

when is a subchondral bone cyst a developmental problem?

A

there is a disruption in the animal’s normal development resulting in the lesion

24
Q

how may a horse with normal bone development get a subchondral bone cyst?

A

it has cartilage or subchondral bone trauma

25
Q

what horse breeds are associated with developmental subchondral bone cysts? what age?

A

american quarter horses, arabians, & thoroughbreds

18 months to 3 years of age

26
Q

what clinical signs may be seen with subchondral bone cysts?

A

increased bilateral lameness with exercise (grade 2-3/5) that is intermittent & gets better with rest

effusion isn’t consistent

may see good improvement with nerve blocks

27
Q

where is the common location of a subchondral bone cyst at the femoropatellar joint?

A

medial femoral condyle

28
Q

where is the common location of a subchondral bone cyst at the mc/mt phalangeal joint?

A

medial mc/mt 3 condyle

29
Q

where is the common location of a subchondral bone cyst at the interphalangeal joints?

A

P1 & P3

30
Q

where is the common location of a subchondral bone cyst at the humeroradial joint?

A

medial radial head

31
Q

what is the most common location for a subchondral bone cyst?

A

at the femoropateller joint on the medial femoral condyle

32
Q

what condition is shown here?

A

subchondral bone cyst

33
Q

why are subchondral bone cysts often seen bilaterally?

A

the phase of vulnerability is the occurring at the same time

34
Q

how are subchondral bone cysts diagnosed?

A

rads - take them of both legs

35
Q

when may conservative therapy be indicated for subchondral bone cysts?

A

it is a central/small lesion - do rest & intraarticular therapy of adequan/steroids/hyaluranon

36
Q

what locations may arthroscopic procedures be used to correct subchondral bone cysts?

A

medial femoral condyle & distal metacarpal condyle

37
Q

what locations may extra-articular procedures be used to correct subchondral bone cysts?

A

proximal radius & phalanges

38
Q

why is surgery a good choice for treating subchondral bone cysts?

A

you’re getting rid of the cytokine source resulting in inflammation & correcting instability

most common sx procedure - trans-cystic screw

39
Q

what clinical signs are consistent with a horse with physeal dysplasia?

A

physeal enlargement

lameness with exercise

pressure sensitive

+/- deformity (varus)

40
Q

what is seen on radiographs that is supportive of physeal dysplasia?

A

irregular physis, metaphyseal flaring, lysis/sclerosis, & +/- deformity

41
Q

what anatomic location is physeal dysplasia commonly seen in horses?

A

distal radius & cannon bones

42
Q

what palliative management is used for physeal dysplasia in horses?

A

controlled exercise - don’t exercise them too much

NSAIDS

nutrition - balanced structural CHO/reduced feeding to slow growth

43
Q

what are some complications of physeal dysplasia?

A

angular deformity - GPR

flexural deformity - desmotomy

44
Q

what lesion is seen here?

A

subchondral bone cysts

LA DX & TX II (44 decks)

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