Exam 3: Chapter 20 Adult Biosocial Development?

Question 1

what age is the middle ages?

Answer 1

mathematically= 38
but we actually define middle age as much later (45 to 64)

Question 2

what percentage of Americas population is within the middle ages?

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

what is the current life expectancy, what was it in the 1900’s

Answer 3

76
47

Question 4

the baby boom age is looking, acting, and feeling…in middle age?

Answer 4

younger

Question 5

what are the visible changes that happen during middle age?

Answer 5

• grey hair
  -more wrinkles
  -increase in weight especially around the mid section
  -slow down or “lose a step”
  -tire more easily and rebound less quickly

Question 6

organ decline during middle age

Answer 6

-across middle age, the physical changes are not real appreciable, especially if a person is making healthy lifestyle decisions
-kidneys, lungs, heart and other organs are less efficient with aging
-if a person does not maintain healthy decisions to counter decline, body functions decline at about a1 % per year after adolsecence

Question 7

what are the top two leading killers in middle age?

Answer 7

1. heart disease
2. cancer

Question 8

vision in Middle age

Answer 8

-visual decline
(glaucoma and cataracts)

Question 9

visual decline in middle age

Answer 9

-eye loses its ability to zoom, most people need glasses, especially for reading under 20
-with age, most people also need more light to see and have more difficulty when light changes rapidly

Question 10

Most people who need glasses are…

Answer 10

-nearsighted
-over 50
-farsighted

Question 11

what are the 2 more serious visual problems in middle age?

Answer 11

glaucoma
cataracts

Question 12

overview of glaucoma

Answer 12

-an increase in eye pressure because of improper drainage of fluid behind the eye
-can result from genetics, diabetes, and injury
-failure to receive treatment can lead to blindness; detected with “puff-of-air” test when you have ur eyes checked

Question 13

overview of cataracts

Answer 13

-lens of the eye becomes opaque (coulding of the lens) thereby reducing light penetration and thus vision
-remedied by surgical removal of the thin opaque part of the lens

Question 14

hearing changes during middle age

Answer 14

1. reduced sensitivity
2. trinnitus

Question 15

reduced sensitivity in hearing during middle age

Answer 15

-more difficulty distinguishing between sounds such as “s” or “f”
-more trouble hearing all frequencies, but a particular decline for higher frequencies and soft sounds

Question 16

what is trinnitus?

Answer 16

-ringing in the ears
-typically occurs from:
a. exposure to excessive noise such as mill, factory, or construction wor
b. exposure to infection, disease, or injury that damages ear

Question 17

with all of the physical changes in middle aged adults…

Answer 17

, middle-aged adults become more likely to improve their health habits than younger adults (i.e., make better food choices and engage in exercise); in addition to the benefits of regular exercise on the body, it has also been shown to improve cognitive functioning, especially in middle aged and older adults; however, a third of adults do not exercise

Question 18

changes in women at mid life

Answer 18

-menopause

Question 19

what is menopause?

Answer 19

-end of menstrual activity, usually takes between 2-4 years with intermittent missing of periods and the extension of the interval between periods

Question 20

what is the average age for menopause?

Answer 20

47-52

Question 21

what is climacteric?

Answer 21

-refers to all the various biological and psychological changes that accompany menopause
-characterized by the changes in ovulation and a profound decrease in production of hormones, particularly estrogen

Question 22

what r the typical symptoms of climacteric? (menopause)

Answer 22

-hot flashes and flushing of the skin
-episodes of profuse sweating
-fatigue
-dizziness
-headaches
-insomnia
-nervousness
-depression

Question 23

what is hormone replacent therapy/estrogen replacement therapy

Answer 23

used to ease symptoms of climateric because they are associated with a decline in hormones

Question 24

what are the potential benefits of HRT or ERT?

Answer 24

-reduces symptoms of climacteric
-lowers risk of osteoporosis

Question 25

potential costs of HRT or ERT

Answer 25

-until the last few years, HRT was thought to decrease the risk of heart disease, but recently linked HRT with an increase in heart disease and stroke in women
-may increase the risl of breast cancer, particularly in those women with a history of breast cancer
-thought to decrease alzheimers, but new research shows no effect

Question 26

menopause experience

Answer 26

-not very upsetting for the majority of women
-the anticipation seems to be the most upsetting component
-some women report relief that they do not have to worry about becoming pregnant and that they feel better in general
-it is most upsetting to women who view it as signaling an end to their attractiveness and sexuality

Question 27

changes in men during middle age

Answer 27

-prostate cancer

Question 28

what is the prostate?

Answer 28

-the walnut sized gland that surrounds the urethra
-enlargement may impinge on urethra, hamper the release of urine and contribute to bladder and kidney disorders and infections

Question 29

prostate cancer in middle age is thought to be related to…

Answer 29

hormone changes associated with aging in men

Question 30

facts on prostate cancer

Answer 30

-more common with age
-develops in 15% of men at some point during their lifetime
-if not detected and treated, the cancer can spread to the bones
-grows at a slow pace and particularly for older men, it’s often not treated in an aggressive way bc it spreads so slowly
-most outlive the cancer and die of something else
-in younger men or depending on stage of cancer, treatment may involve removing the prostate, radiation therapy, and some other treatment