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Developmental Psych > Exam 2-Chapter 11 (key info) > Flashcards

Exam 2-Chapter 11 (key info) Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the different types of intelligence?

A
  1. linguistic
  2. logical-mathematical
  3. musical
  4. spatial
  5. bodily kinesthetic
  6. interpersonal
  7. intrapersonal
  8. naturalist-environmental
  9. existential
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2
Q

what is linguistic intelligence?

A

sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words; sensitive to the different functions of language

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3
Q

what is logical-mathematical intelligence?

A

sensitivity to and capacity to discern, logical or numerical patterns; ability to handle long chains of reasoning

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4
Q

what is musical intelligence?

A

abilities to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch and timbre; appreciation of the forms of musical expressiveness

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5
Q

what is spatial intelligence?

A

capacities to perceive the visual spatial world accurately and to perform transformations on perceptions

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6
Q

what is bodily-kinesthetic intelligence?

A

the ability to control ones body movements and to handle objects skillfully

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7
Q

what is interpersonal intelligence?

A

the capacities to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of other people

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8
Q

what is intrapersonal intelligence?

A

access to ones own feelings and the ability to discriminate among them and draw upon them to guide behaviro, knowledge of ones own strengths, weaknesses, desires and intelligence

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9
Q

what is naturalist-environmental intelligence?

A

keen perception and appreciation for nature and the outdoors

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10
Q

what is existential intelligence?

A

asking questions about life

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11
Q

who first formed the ideas of multiple intelligences?

A

howard gardner

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12
Q

what is the definition of childhood obesity?

A

having a BMI above the 95th percentile for children of a particular age, with overweight defined as above 85%

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13
Q

what percentage of children (in middle childhood) in the US are considered obese?

A

more than 20%

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14
Q

what are some of the social consequences that can come with childhood obesity

A
  1. shaming and prejudice
  2. fewer friends
  3. more teasing
  4. low self esteem
  5. poorer school achievement
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15
Q

why are children obese?

A

at first it was thought that biological factors explained obesity, but as weight continues to rise, scientists look to other explanations

correlations:
1. preterm newborns
2. formula fed infants
3. TVs in childrens bedrooms
4. soda instead of water at meals
5. difficulties with sleep
6. lack of outdoor play

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16
Q

what is the main reason the Covid 19 pandemic led to weight gain in 6 to 11 year olds

A

absence of active play

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17
Q

body movement improves…

A

intellectual functioning (and vice versa)

increases cerebral blood flow which fuels brain tissue and neurotransmitters and also increases brain derive neurotrophic factor which neurons need to grow.

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18
Q

brain maturation promotes selective attention, what is selective attention and when doe it begin to improve?

A

being able to concentrate on one stimuli while ignoring others

improves around age 7

19
Q

what is an example of an activity where selective attention would be important in middle childhood?

A

-softball: the child must be able to focus on the ball instead of the yelling parents, the other kid drawing int he sand, and the cute puppy over in the stands

20
Q

physical play combines with brain maturation in early child hood leads to…

A

a shortening of reaction time

experience and practice also play a role depending on the circumstances

21
Q

what percentage of children are thought to need specialized education due to an atypicality in their brains?

A

10 to 20 percent

22
Q

what are the different way brain functioning is measured?

A

aptitude, achievement, and IQ

23
Q

what is aptitude?

A

the brain potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge

ex.) a child may have the potential to become an amazing reader even if they have never learned to read

24
Q

what is achievement?

A

the measure of what is actually mastered

25
Q

how was IQ first measured?

A

children answered a series of questions (vocab, memory, and so on) and their number of correct answers was compared to an average score for children that age (divided actual score by expected score)

26
Q

what are the modern forms of IQ testing?

A

-stanford-binet intelligence scale
-wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence
-wechsler intelligence scale for children
-wechsler adult intelligence scale

27
Q

what is the underlying problem with asusmptions about mental intelligence?

A

-intelligence is more plastic than people once thought
(particularly in childhood but also maybe into adulthood)

28
Q

what are the four agreements between neuroscientists and cognitive psychologists?

A
  1. brain development reflects experiences (thus a brain scan is accurate only at the moment, not for the future)
  2. dendrites form and myelination changes throughout life (middle childhood is crucial, but developments before and after these years are also significant)
  3. Children with disorders of often have atypical brain patterns, and training may change those patters (diagnosis based on brain patterns is imperfect, but may be helpful)
  4. each individual brain functions in a particular way, a concept called neurodiversity. (Diverse neurological patterns are not better or worse, they are simply different)
29
Q

What are the core tenants of developmental psychopathology?

A

to understand any person, you must understand them at many different levels (biological, individual, familial, social, and cultural)

30
Q

what are the general principles of developmental psychopathology

A
  1. abnormality is normal
    -everyone has some aspects of behavior that are unusual and the opposite is also true
  2. disability changes year by year
    -a severe childhood disorder may become insignificant, but a minor problem may become disabling. Children with significant disabilities can become productive adults, and their quality of life may change over time
  3. plasticity and compensation are wide spread
    -many conditions seem to disapppear with age and treatment
  4. diagnosis and treatment reflect the social context
    -each individual interacts with their surrounding settings including faily, school, community, culture which can modify, worse, cause, or eliminate psychopathology
31
Q

what is multifinality?

A

when one cause can have multiple final manifestations

32
Q

what is equifinality

A

when one symptom can be the result of from several different causes

33
Q

ADHD

A

-someone who is often inattentive, active, and impulsive
-symptoms must start BEFORE the age of 12 and must impact daily life
-contextual interventions such as changing diet, increasing ourtdoor play, limiting screens, and educating caregivers and parents should be tried before drugs

34
Q

what are the three general problems apparent in diagnosis kids with ADHD?

A

-misdiagnosis
-drug misuse
-typical behavior being considered pathological

35
Q

what are specific learning disorders?

A

include problems in both perception and information processing that cause low achievement in reading, math, or writing

36
Q

what are some of the impacts of learning you have specific disorders?

A

-undercut academic achievement
-impact self esteem
-qualify a child for special education

37
Q

what is the most commonly diagnosed learning disorder?

A

dyslexia
-refers to the processing of the written word

38
Q

what is anothe rcommon learning disorder besides dyslexia

A

dyscalculia

39
Q

for all children, disorders are often comorbid, how is this an example of the interaction of domains?

A

the biological aspects of brain development affect the cognitive aspects of learning which influence emotions

40
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

difficulty with social interaction and are less adept at conventional conversation, social play, and at understanding emotions

41
Q

what are the two hypotheses (that are now proven to be false) as to why autism is developed?

A
  1. unaffectionate and unavailable mothers
  2. vaccinations
42
Q

what are the new hypotheses as to why autism has increased?

A
  1. one cluster on the environment (focus on chemicals in food, air, or water)
  2. considers prenatal influences; pregnant parents ho use drugs, eat foods with traces of pesticides or homones, or contract viruses during pregnancies
  3. ASD has not increased, but diagnosis has
  4. the DSM-5 has expanded its definition and therefore more people fit into the category now
43
Q
A

Developmental Psych (29 decks)

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