Exam 3 Chapter 15 (Adolescence: Cognitive Development)

Question 1

key developments to cognitive ability during adolescence

Answer 1

analyzing, realizing, and problem solving

Question 2

what period of piagets stages of cognitive development are we in?

Answer 2

formal operational

Question 3

what are the distinguishing features of cognitive development during adolescence

Answer 3

1. abstract thinking
2. hypothesize more about the world
3. ability to fantasize
4. ability to speculate
5. can think outside of the “now”
6. can use inductive and deductive reasoning

Question 4

types of thought that characterize the formal operational period (age 15 ish)

Answer 4

-philosophy
-morality
-love

Question 5

describe the development of scientific reasoning during adolescence

Answer 5

-reasoning develops gradually until about 15.
-in childhood, kids use the trial and error method, but adolescents can use reasoning to make and test hypotheses

Question 6

what is the “game of thinking”

Answer 6

-flavell theorizedthat there were different stages of problem solving correlates with age
-at approximately 15 kids can evaluate either or problems

Finally, in adolescence and beyond, individuals develop metacognitive abilities, which involve reflecting on and monitoring their own thinking processes. They become more aware of their strengths and weaknesses in thinking and can employ strategies to enhance their cognitive abilities.

Question 7

what are some ways adolescents use logic?

Answer 7

1. the game of thinking
2. debate

Question 8

how do adolescents use logic in debate?

Answer 8

they are able to put themselves in positions they do not necessarily hold

Question 9

what are some critiques of piagets reasonings?

Answer 9

-he was working with a limited dataset and his theories are not culturally encompassing

Question 10

what is the definition of adolescent egocentrism?

Answer 10

adolescents thinking intensely about themselves, and what others think about them. They see themselves as more central on the social stage than they actually are

Question 11

what is an imaginary audience

Answer 11

apart of adolescent egocentris where adolescents fantasize about how others will react to the,

ie.) spending a lot of time getting ready
example of how kids are now able to think logically but don’t always

Question 12

what are the aspects of adolescent egocentrism?

Answer 12

-imaginary audience
-school phobia
-fantasies and fables

Question 13

what is school phobia?

Answer 13

-fear of school centered on appearance

ex.) maddie wouldn’t go to school because she had a bump in her ponytain

Question 14

what are the fantasies and fables that occur during adolescence?

Answer 14

1. invincibility fable
2. personal fable

Question 15

what is the invincibility fable?

Answer 15

the idea many young people have where they feel they are somehow immune to the laws of mortality and probability

ie) teens making poor driving decisions esp. with others in the car, or walking on the train tracks for fun

Question 16

what is the personal fable ?

Answer 16

when adolescents imagine their own lives as heroic and legendary

ex. you thought you were going to play D1 softball

Question 17

what are STIs and what are some common ones?

Answer 17

all infectious diseases spread by sexual contact

-leading cause of infertility for women
-HPV
-HIV/AIDS
-gonnorhea
-syphillis
-etc.

Question 18

what percentage of all sexually active individuals do sexually active 15 to 24 year olds make up?

Answer 18

25%

Question 19

sexually acrive 15 to 24 year olds are responsible for what percentage of STIs?

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

how many STI’s occur each year?

Answer 20

20 million

Question 21

what percentage of US HS students had sexual intercourse? what about within the past 3 months?

Answer 21

40%
30%

Question 23

what percentage of US HS students used a condom last time they had intercourse?

Answer 23

54%

Question 24

what percentage of US HS students use a form of contracaption?

Answer 24

86%

Question 25

what percentage of US HS Students used drugs or alcohol before the last time they had sex?

Answer 25

19%

Question 26

what percentage of US HS students had physically forced sex or sex they didn’t want?

Answer 26

7%

Question 27

what percentage of US HS students have4 or more sexual partners?

Answer 27

10%

Question 28

what are some possible explanations for STIs and adolescent pregnancy?

Answer 28

1. increased sexual activity
2. too informed(No)
   (abstinence only ed)
3. invincibility complex
4. stigma around sex so kids dont’ talk about how to have it safely
5. disparity between the limbic system and prefrontal coretx

Question 29

how do teen pregancy rates in the US compare to Europe>

Answer 29

rates of European teen pregnancy are less than 1/2 what they are in the US

Question 30

how many unplanned pregnancies occurr in the US each year

Answer 30

400,000

Question 31

what are the consequences of pregnancy?

Answer 31

-under 16 can have serious pregnancy complications
-lower overall high school graduation rates for mothers
-problems compound and the expenses of a child and the lack of a diploma puts people into povertyw

Question 32

what was the cost (in 2020) to raise a child to 18

Answer 32

$233,000