Exam 3 Chapter 16 (book)

Question 1

what role of Erikson’s stages encompasses adolescence

Answer 1

identity vs. role confusion

Question 2

what does erikson believe solves the identity vs. role confusion crisis?

Answer 2

identity achievement

Question 3

what is identity achievement

Answer 3

when people have reconsidered the goals and values of their parents and culture accepting some and discarding theirs to forge their own identity

Question 4

what are james marcias 4 ways of coping with identity crisis?

Answer 4

1. role confusion
2. foreclosure
3. moratorium
4. achievement

Question 5

what is role confusion?

Answer 5

opposite of achievement, characterized by:
-ack of commitment to goals or value
-arises in early adolescence when hormones awaken sexual impulses

Question 6

what is foreclosure?

Answer 6

occurs to avoid the confusion of sorting through all the nuances of identity and beliefs
-lump together cultural roles and values together either to be swallowed whole or rejected all together
-only temporary

Question 7

what is negative identity?

Answer 7

part of foreclosure where a person rejects every part of their elders values and routines

Question 8

what is moratorium?

Answer 8

a time out that includes exploration, either in breadth (trying many things) or depth (following one path with one tentative commitment)
-prevalent after age 18

Question 9

what is identity achievement?

Answer 9

the final outcome

Question 10

what are the arenas of identity formation?

Answer 10

1. religious identity
2. political identity
3. ethnic identity
4. gender identity
5. intersectionality

Question 11

religious identity

Answer 11

adolescents no longer accept their childhood religion without question
some become more devout, some reject altogether

Question 12

political Identity

Answer 12

teens may:
-reflect their families views
-boast that they consider the person, not the party
-say they dont care about politics
-echo their parents views without realizing

voting is a social activity

tend to be more progressive than their elders as a whole

Question 13

ethnic identity

Answer 13

the current US system pressures kids to est an ethnic identity sometimes in the form of racial identity

very nuanced and influenced by family and society

Question 14

gender identity

Answer 14

-most difficult identity for adolescents
-adolescence is a time of gender intensification (often reflect the gender binary)
-some adolescents reject the binary and become more fluid

Question 15

how do relationships with family impact adolescence

Answer 15

-provide direct guidance
-siblings can act as bullies, protectors, role models, rivals, or allies

Question 16

4 important aspects of parent child relationships

Answer 16

1. communication (do family members talk openly and honestly)
2. support (do family members rely on each other)
3. connectedness (how emotionally close are family members?)
4. control ( do parents allow independence)

Question 17

parental monitoring

Answer 17

parental knowledge about each childs whereabouts, activities, and companions

better when it comes from a warm and supportive place not a cold and punitive one which leads to deception and rebellion

Question 18

what is familism?

Answer 18

the belief that family members should sacrifice personal freedom and success to care for one another

ex.) middle eastern cultures

Question 19

how do adolescents choose friends?

Answer 19

-they select friends with similar values and interests
-then they either facilitate constructive (let study for chem) or destructive (lets go smoke pot) behaviors

Question 20

teen behavior is driven mainly by…

Answer 20

peers and the limbic system more so than facts and the prefrontal cortex

Question 21

what are three concerns with technology usage in adolescence?

Answer 21

gender inequity
sexual abuse
cyberbullying
relationship stopping

Question 22

what percentage of 12 to 17 year olds have received counseling for emotional or behavioral problems?

Answer 22

16%

Question 23

what two emotional issues generally see the largest uptick during adolescence

Answer 23

depression and anxiety

Question 24

what is major depression

Answer 24

deep sadness and hopelessness that disrupts all normal, regular activities, affecting the brain

-notable dip in academic work withdrawal from friends and social interactions or marked changes in sleep or appetite

Question 25

what are the two kids of teenage lawbreakers?

Answer 25

-adolescence limited offenders: criminal activity stops by age 21. They break the law with friends, facilitated and selected their chosen antisocial peers and their parents and community help them reform
-life course persistent offenders: become career criminals lawbreaking is done alone and a contributing factor is often neurological difference evident in learning disabilities.

Question 26

what is the harm in drugs during adolescence?

Answer 26

psychoactive drugs excite the limbic system and disrupt the prefrontal cortex increasing pleasure transmitters but decreasing memory

bidirectional influence between drugs and education

Question 27

alcohol in adolescence

Answer 27

most frequently used drug in north america
-impairs memory, self control, and may damage the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex

correlates with sexual abuse, suicide, and lethal accidents

Question 28

marijuana in adolescence

Answer 28

adolescents who regularly smoke marijuana are more likely to drop out of school, become teenage parents, be depressed, and later be unemployed