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Developmental Psych > Exam 3 Chapter 14 (Adolescent Physical Development) > Flashcards

Exam 3 Chapter 14 (Adolescent Physical Development) Flashcards

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1
Q

general overview:

A

adolescence is a period of physical growth ending childhood and bringing a person into adult size, shape, and sexual potential

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2
Q

in puberty physical changes precede

A

cognitive changes

(kids look like adults but don’t think like adults)

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3
Q

during puberty adolescents undergo changes that…

A

lead them into sexual maturity

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4
Q

what are the first invisible hormonal changes that begin puberty?

A

-increase in estrogen for females
-increase in testosterone for males

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5
Q

when does the increase in estrogen and thus puberty begin for girls

A

(8-14 years old)

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6
Q

when does the increase in testosterone and thus puberty begin for boys?

A

(9 years old ish)

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7
Q

girls are how many years ahead of boys hormonally and growth wise?

A

-1 year ahead of boys hormonally
-2 years ahead of boys growth wise

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8
Q

hormonal changes occur how many years before visual signs?

A

1 year

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9
Q

when do visual changes begin to occur in females and what is the first indicator?

A

9-10 years old, and the first indicator is breast development

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10
Q

when do visual changes begin to occur in males and what is the first indicator?

A

not sure what age, and the enlargement of the testes

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11
Q

overview of the growth spurt

A

a. rapid weigh gain BEFORE height gain
b. approximately 1 year after weight gain, height increases, 1 year after the weight and height increase is the period of muscle

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12
Q

what are the typical height and weight gains for girls during their growth spurt?

A

38 pounds, 9 1/2 inches

from 10 to 14 years old

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13
Q

what are the typical height and weight gains for boys during their growth spurt?

A

42 pounds, 10 inches
from 12 to 16 years old

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14
Q

in the 12 months of the most rapid growth girls gain how much in height and weight?

A

20 lbs, and 3 1/2 inches

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15
Q

in the 12 months of the most rapid growth boys gain how much in height and weight?

A

26 lbs, and 4 inches

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16
Q

what is the sequence of growth during puberty?

A

a. growth becomes distal-proximal
b. the two halves of the body can grow at uneven rates (usually temporary)
c. it takes about 3 to 4 years for adolescents to reach adult size
d. organs and other systems grow
-heart doubles
- lungs triple
- tonsils and lymph systems and
adenoids decrease in size
-muscles grow
-oil glads develop and adolescents are
more prone to acne, oily hair, oily skin,
and being smelly
e. adolescents become more suceptible to nutrition ailments

17
Q

overview of nutrition during puberty

A
  1. rapid height and weight gain means adolescents need more calories
  2. adolescents often lack in iron and calcium
  3. increased risk of obesity
  4. increased body image issues (eating disorders, and more susceptible to the effects of advertising
18
Q

what are the two main eating disorders discussed

A
  1. anorexia nervosa
  2. bulimia nervosa
19
Q

what is the only difference between anorexia and bulimia?

A

they are the same except in anorexia you are actually underweight

20
Q

characteristics of anorexia

A

-restricting calories
-significantly low body weight
-distorted body image

21
Q

who is typically the average person to gave anorexia?

A

female
11-18 years old

22
Q

what are the outcomes of anorexia?

A

-can be a very persistent disorder and very difficult to overcome
-1/3 get better, 10% die
-deadliest eating disorder because of both suicide!! malnutrition, and lack of electrolytes

23
Q

what are the characteristics of bulimia?

A

-binge eating and compensating behavior (also occurs during anorexia)
-self evaluation heavily influenced by body shape and weight

24
Q

overview of sexual maturation during adolescence

A
  1. changes in primary sex characteristics
    -in females: the ovaries, fallopian tubes,
    uterus, and vagina
    -in males: testes, penis, scrotum, and
    seminal vesicles
  2. development of secondary sex
    characteristics
    -females: wider hips
    -males: grow taller, wider shoulders
    -both: body hair and voice changes
    (dramatic lower in boys)
25
Q

toward the end of puberty, sex organs mature enough for reproduction, this is indicated by what in boys and girls?

A

girls:
-first menstrual perios (aka menarche) (roughly age 9-18 years old)
boys:
-first ejaculation (aka spermarche) (roughly age 13)

26
Q

what are the 4 main factors that influence when puberty occurs?

A
  1. sex
    (girls begin puberty earlier)
  2. genes
    (correlation between girls and their mothers, and boys and their fathers)
  3. body weight and proportion of fat
    (more weight=earlier)
  4. good nutrition
    (secular trend: each generation gets better nutrition and therefore puberty begins earlier generationally, coupled with taller growth, and also allows children to reach their gull genetic potential)
27
Q

what are the positives of early puberty for both sexes?

A

greater social status
(looked up to by their peers)

28
Q

what are negatives to early puberty in girls?

A

-social isolation
-first to grow and therefore are the first to stand out
-tend to date older men
-engage in sex at an earlier age
-more likely to get involved with drugs and alcohol

29
Q

what are the negatives to early puberty in boys

A

-tend to be more aggressive
-engage in sex at earlier age
-more likely to become a parent
-more likely to get involved with drugs and alcohol?

30
Q

what are the positives for late puberty in boys?

A

tend to be more playful, creative, flexible, humorous and egalitarian. tend to reject traditional sex roles, and use verbal skills better

31
Q

what are the negatives for late puberty in boys

A

-less relaxed/poised, more talkative, restless, less responsible, less dominant, less controlled

32
Q

what is the prevalence of child sexual abuse in both females and males?

A

females: 1/4 (25%
males: 1/6 (17%)

33
Q

what is the average age of first sexual abuse?

A

9 years old

34
Q

what are the incidence rates of child sexual abuse?

A

36% of victims are abused 1 to 10 times

64% of victims are abused 11to 45 times

45 percent of victims are abused more than 45 times

35
Q

who are the perpetrators of child sexual abuse?

A

often family members or people close to the victims (access) or people in authority

36
Q

what are the 10 main consequences of child sexual abuse?

A
  1. depression
    2.anxiety
  2. Dissociative identity disorder
  3. low self esteem
  4. more at risk for later abusive relationships
  5. either become distrustful or promiscuous
  6. drug and alcohol problems
    8.eating or body image issues
    9.PTSD
    10.learning/academic problems due to ongoing problems as a distraction
37
Q
A

Developmental Psych (29 decks)

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